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Final Review

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Question
Answer
The goal of science   To investigate and understand nature, to explain events in nature, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions.  
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Science   An organized wayi of using evdience to learn about the natural world.  
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Observation   Involves using one or more of the senses to gather information.  
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Info from observation   data  
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Quantitative observations   numbers  
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Qualitative observations   Characteristics that cannot be easily measured or counted.  
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Inference   a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience  
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Hypothesis   A possible explanation for a set of observations or an answer to a scientific question.  
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A hypothesis must be   testable  
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Spontaneous generation   The idea that life can arise from nonliving matter  
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Redi's hypothesis   Flies produced maggots  
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An experiment should only test...   one variable at a time  
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Variables   factors in an experiment that can change  
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Controlled experiment   only one variable is changed at a time  
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MV   purposely changed  
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RV   changes because of the mv and is measured  
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Why can experimental results be reproduced?   Scientists believe that nature behaves in a consistent manner  
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data from a controlled experiment is used   to evalutate the hypothesis and to draw a conclusion  
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Leeuwenhoek   discovered microscopic life in rainwater, pondwater, and dust  
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Needham   concluded spontaneous generation did occur because after boiling gravy, more microrganisms came into the gravy  
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Spallazani   Did Needham's experiment with an open and sealed flask  
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Pasteur   settled the argument with the flask with the curved neck  
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Theory   A hypothesis that is extremely well supported  
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Biology   Living world science  
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Cell   Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings.  
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Smallest unit that can be considered alive   yup  
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Multicellular organism   contains trillions of cells  
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Living things are based on a universal   genetic code (DNA)  
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An organinism needs a constant supply of materials   to grow, develop, and reproduce  
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Homeostasis   process by which organisms keep their internal conditions relatively stable.  
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Evolve   change over time  
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ethologist   studies animal behavior  
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largest level of bio study   biosphere  
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Why do scientists need a common measurement system   to replicate each others experiments  
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Metric system   system scientists use - decimal system of measurement whose units are based on certain physical standards and based on multiples of ten  
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Microscopes   produce magnified images  
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Compound light microscope   allows light to pass through a specimen and uses two lenses to form an image  
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Chemical stains   highlight specific structures in the cell  
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2 types of electron microscopes   TEM and SEM  
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TEM   shines a beam of electrons through a specimen  
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SEM   runs a beam back and forth which "scans" the specimen  
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cell culture   group of cells grown in a nutrient solution from a signel original cell  
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cell fractionation   separates on part of a cell from the rest  
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follow instructions   (blank)  
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