Chapter 6
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| inspiration | process when air is drawn into the body and eventually into the lungs
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| expiration | process when carbon dioxide is exhaled or breathed out from the body
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| alveol/o | air sacs/alveolus
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| atel/o | incomplete
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| bronch/o | bronchus
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| bronchiol/o | bronchiole
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| cost/o | rib
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| epiglott/o | epiglottis
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| hem/o | blood
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| laryng/o | larynx
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| nas/o | nose
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| pector/o | chest
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| pharyng/o | pharynx
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| phren/o | diaphragm
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| pleur/o | pleura
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| pneum/o | air/lung
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| pneumon/o | lung/air
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| pulmon/o | lungs
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| orth/o | straight
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| ox/i | oxygen
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| rhin/o | nose
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| spir/o | to breathe
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| thorac/o | chest/thorax
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| trache/o | trachea
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| a | without
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| eu | normal
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| dys | difficult
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| hyper | above/excessive
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| hypo | below/low
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| inter | between
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| tachy | fast
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| algia | pain
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| ary | pertaining to
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| centesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid
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| eal | pertaining to
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| ectasis | dilatation/stretching
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| ic | pertaining to
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| meter | instrument to measure
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| metry | process of measuring
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| phonia | sound/voice
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| phea | breathing
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| ptysis | coughing/spitting up
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| rrhagia | hemorrhage
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| rraphy | suture/stitch
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| rrhea | copious discharge
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| stomy | formation of an opening into
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| thorax | chest
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| tomy | incision into
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| septum | the nose is divided by a cartilage wall
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| nostrils | openings of the nose
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| paranasal sinuses | cavities in the skull opening into the nasal cavity
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| pharynx | muscular tube that allows for the passage of air and food
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| nasopharynx | upper section of the pharynx
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| oropharynx | middle section of the pharynx
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| laryngopharynx | lowest section of the pharynx
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| epiglottis | small piece of cartilage that covers the larynx to prevent food from entering the larynx
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| larynx | voice box; vocal cords; several pieces of cartilage, the largest piece is the thyroid cartilage or Adam's apple
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| trachea | windpipe located in the front of the esophagus
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| bronchi | part of the respiratory system, the trachea divides into a left and right bronchus
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| bronchus | either of the two primary divisions of the trachea that lead respectively into the right and the left lung
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| bronchiole | smaller tubes of the respiratory system, the bronchi divide into these tubes
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| alveoli | air sacs, grape-like structures where oxygen and carbon dioxide pass
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| lungs | part of the respiratory system that houses the bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, blood vessels and nerves; there is a left and a right lung
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| apex | top part of the lung
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| base | bottom part of the lung
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| pleura | membrane that encloses the lungs
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| pleural space (cavity) | space between the pleural layers
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| diaphragm | principle muscle involved in breathing; separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
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| adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | failure of the lungs to work in an adult as a result of disease or injury
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| allergic rhinitis | reaction to airborne allergens; watery eyes, sneezing, red swollen eyelids, nasal congestion
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| asphyxia | oxygen deprivation with high carbon dioxide level, leads to loss of consciousness or death
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| asthma | lung disorder caused by swelling, inflammation, and constriction of the bronchi and bronchioles; causes wheezing and difficulty breathing
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| atelectasis | incomplete expansion, collapse of microscopic structures of lung; can follow thoracic or abdominal surgery
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| bronchiectasis | abnormal condition of bronchial tree, causes dilatation or expansion of bronchi
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| bronchitis | acute or chronic inflammation of the bronchi
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| bronchospasm | involuntary spasms of the bronchi; results in narrowing and blockage of bronchi; main feature of bronchitis and asthma
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| chronic obstructive | progressive irreversible chronic disease
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| pulmonary disease (COPD) | resulting in decreased lung capacity; caused and made worse by cigarette smoking
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| croup | viral infection of young children; causes hoarseness, fever, "barking cough", dyspnea
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| cystic fibrosis | genetic (hereditary) disorder; causes excessively thick mucus which is hard to expel, and becomes a site for bacterial growth, causing pheumonia
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| emphysema, a Fubtype of COPD | destructive changes in alveolar walls; enlargement of air spaces; decreased elasticity of the lungs
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| epistaxis | nosebleed
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| influenza | viral respiratory infection; highly contagious, transmitted by airborne particles
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| laryngitis | inflammation of the vocal cords; minimal or complete loss of voice
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| aspirate | taking foreign material into lungs; act of withdrawing fluid with a suction device
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| cyanosis | bluish discoloration of the skin, lips, tongue or nails
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| expectoration | spitting up or coughing up mucus from the throat
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| intubation | putting a breathing tube into the trachea by way of the mouth, nose, or throat to provide an airway for breathing
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| nebulizer | device which delivers a fine spray or mist into respiratory tract
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| patent | open
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| respiratory therapist | professional who gives respiratory care and treatments
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| sputum | material coughed up from lungs and spit out through the mouth
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| ventilator | device used to assist in breathing or substitute for a patient's breathing
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| aterial blood gas (ABG) | evaluation of aterial blood to check oxygen, carbon dioxide and other parameters
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| bronchoscopy | visualization of the bronchi with a camera
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| chest x-ray (CXR) | x-ray exam to determine health or disease process of the lungs
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| laryngectomy | surgical removal of the larynx
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| lobectomy | surgical removal of a lobe of the lung
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| pleuocentesis | surgical puncture into pleural space to withdraw fluid
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| pulse oximeter | electronic device, fits over the end of index finger to measure oxygen saturation of blood
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| pulmonary function tests (PFT's) | tests to measure the ability of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide and to identify abnormalities
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| spirometry | process of measuring breathing of lung volumes by means of a spirometer
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| thoracentesis | surgical puncture into chest or thorax to withdraw fluid
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| tracheostomy | an opening through the neck into the trachea
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| ventilation perfusion scan | nuclear medicine x-ray study of the lungs to identify abnormalities, like pulmonary embolus
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| legionnaire disease | acute pneumonia, caused by Legionella pneumophila bacteria
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| pleural effusion | presence of excess fluid in the pleural space
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| pleurisy | inflammation of pleural membrane; causes sharp stabbing pain with respiration
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| pneumonia | inflammation of lungs caused by bacteria or virus
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| pneumothorax | air or gas in pleural space causing a part of the lung to collapse
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| pulmonary edema | lungs swell as a result of abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs
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| pulmonary embolism | pulmonary artery or ateriole is obstructed by a clot
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| pulmonary heart disease (cor pulmonale) | heart failure caused by pulmonary disease; increased size in right ventricle as a result of increased blood pressure of the circulation to the lung
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| sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | sudden and unexplained death of a well infant, also call crib death
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| tuberculosis (TB) | acute or chronic condition causes lesions and infiltration of lung tissue
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| upper respiratory infection (URI) | symptoms associated with the common cold; caused by a virus or bacteria
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