Pharm Antibiotics
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| Beta Lactam anti biotics | Workd by covalently binding the active site of a transpeptidase enzyme
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| Beta lactams are bacteri---- | Bactericidal
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| Transpeptdase Enzymes | Catalyze the cross-linking reaction on PG polymers in synthesis of bacterial cell wall
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| Beta lactam's selective toxicity due to | Mammalian cells not having cell wall.
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| Baeta Lactams act only on | cells which are growing and synthesizing new cell wall material
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| Beta Lactam Antibiotics Include | Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems
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| Penicillin | -Most allergenic of all antibiotcs.
-All penicillins, new or old, are cross-sensitizing and cross reacting
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| Penicillin undesirable properties | -rapid excretion -bacterial resistance - S. aureus penicillinase elaboration makes it resistanct to nearly all penicillins except methicillin-type penicillins -Strep viridans has some resistant strains
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| problem of penicillin therapy | Hypersensitivity reactions. -resistance development.
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| Penicillin drug interactions | bacteriostatic antibiotics. -oral contraceptives(decreases effectiveness of all oral contraceptives).
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| Penicillin Derivatives | Penicillin G -Benzathine penicillin G -procaine penicillin G -Penicillin V
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| Penicillin G antibacterial spectrum: | gram +, Neisserai spp., Some anaerobes
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| Penicillin G administered via | parenteral route
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| Uses of Penicillin G | beta-hemolytic strep, inf. w/pneumococci, meningococcal inf., syphilis, inf. by B. anthracis, other gram + inf.
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| characteristics of Pen. G | acid labile, Poor absorption after oral administration, dosage measured in units-1600units/mg
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| Benzathine Pen G. use | used for prolonged effects for beta-hemolytic strep. inf. ("strep throat"), Syphylis, other gram + inf.
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| Benzathing Pen G also | are repository forms of Penicillin G. _lower, sustained blood levels
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| Procaine Pen. G also | repository forms of PenG. -lower, sustained blood levers.
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| Penicillin V antibacterial spectrum: | Only gram + aerobes and some anaerobes
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| Penicillin V administered via | Oral route
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| Penicillin V is... | Bactericidal. -Acid stable
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| Penicillin G | 1st penicillin discovered and used (alexander fleming, 1929)
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| Penicillinase Resistant Penicillins | Methicillin, Cloxacillin, Oxacillin, Naficillin, Dicloxacillin
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| Which are Acid Unstable | Methicillin
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| Which are Acid Stable | Cloxacillin, Oxacillin, Naficillin, Dicloxacillin
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| Methicillin used for | S. aureaus treatment
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| #1 drug used in Hospitals | Methicillin
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| Extended Spectrum Penicillins | Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid
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| Extended Spectrum Penicillins have | broader spectrun than penicillin V
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| Extended Spectrum Penicillins used for | gram - and gram + organisms
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| amoxicillin and ampicillin used for | gram + & - aerobes and most oral anaerobes
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| Extended Stectrum Antibiotics: Amoxicillin and Ampicillin have a greater propensity to cause | super-infections
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| Amoxicillin and ampicillin are also active against | S. pyogenes, S. pnueumoniae, H. influenzae, Enterobacteriaceae, E.coli, and L. monocytogenes(menigitis)
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| Why is resistance becoming a problem with amp and amox. | due to excessive use. Amox is #1 prescribed in US
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| 2 drugs adequately absorbed ad ter oral administration | Amoxicillin and Ampicillin
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| Absorption reduced with food in | Ampicillin
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| good absortption after oral administration even with food | Amoxicillin
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| Why combine Amox or Amp with Clavulanic acid | it protects the antibiotics from penicillinase produced by Staphylococci
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| Specific Purpose penicillins are | Ticarcillin, Piperacillin, Aztocillin, Mezlocillin
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| relatively non toxic antibiotic of specific purpose | Ticarcillin
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| Ticarcillin's use is | reserved for serious infections of Pseudomonas ssp. and Indole positive proteus ssp.
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| anti-pseudomonas penicillins | piperacillin, Axlocillin, Mexlocillin
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| for Ticarcillin you must | test bacterial susceptibility due to large variations in sensitivity of various strains of pseudomonas and proteus
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