Geology100
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Which term best describes an accumulation of angular rock fragments at the base of a steep, bedrock slope or cliff? | talus slope
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| ________ denotes the exposed, crescent-shaped rupture surface at the head of a slump. | Scarp
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| Consider a weathered rock or soil particle lying on a slope. How will the gravitational force pulling the particle downward along the land surface vary with the inclination of the slope? | It will decrease as the slope angle is lessened
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| How do the strength and cohesion of clay-rich regolith or soil change with the addition of water? | Water lowers the strength and cohesion
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| ________ involves movement on a zone of compressed air. | A rock avalanche
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| Of the following, which one would most likely be triggered by an earthquake? | rock avalanche
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| Which one of the following operates primarily in areas of permafrost? | solifluction
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| Which statement best describes slumping, a mass wasting process? | a block or blocks of unconsolidated regolith slide downhill along a curved slip surface
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| Which mass wasting process has the slowest rate of movement? | creep
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| All of the following are factors affecting mass wasting except for ________. | geologic age
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| The most rapid type of mass movement is a ________. | rock avalanche
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| As an erosional process, how is mass wasting unique from wind, water, and ice? | Mass wasting does not require a transporting medium
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| Which of the following mass movements is most likely to occur in a geologic setting where the rock strata are inclined? | rockslide
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| Which of the following statements concerning mudflows is NOT true? | Mudflows deposit talus slopes
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| How do freezing, thawing, wetting, and drying contribute to soil creep? | The soil expands and contracts, lifting particles and dropping them a slight distance downslope.
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| All of the following are possible indicators that creep is occurring except for ________. | an extremely thick soil profile
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| Slump describes the very slow, downhill movement of soil and regolith | False
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| The steepest, stable, slope angle possible in unconsolidated, granular materials like sand and gravel is called the angle of retention. | False
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| Solifluction occurs during the warmer summer months. | True
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| Repeated freezing and thawing can be important in soil creep movements. | True
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| Lahars are essentially mudflows associated with volcanoes and volcanism. | True
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| Solifluction is an important mass wasting process in areas of permafrost. | True
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| A triggering mechanism, such as heavy rains or an earthquake, are necessary for mass wasting to occur. | False
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| Earthflows and slumps generally involve movement of unconsolidated or weakly consolidated soil and regolith. | True
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| Bedding planes and fractures can both act as slip surfaces for rockslides. | True
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| A scarp is the exposed portion of the rupture surface beneath a slump block. | True
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| The release of water vapor to the atmosphere by plants is called ________. | transpiration
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| Which one of the following statements is correct? | Sea level drops when water is stored in expanding ice sheets and continental glaciers.
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| Which of the following is the correct definition of stream gradient? | the drop in elevation of a stream divided by the distance the water travels
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| A natural, meandering, river channel is modified into a more or less straight and smooth, canal-like channel. Which of the following statements is correct? | The natural channel had a lower gradient and higher friction than the straight channel
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| Which of the following is NOT part of the water cycle? | calcium carbonate dissolving in soil water and groundwater
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| Which of the following must result in a lower base level for rivers and streams? | sea level falls; land rises
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| Which one of the following factors does NOT influence stream velocity? | discharge
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| The world's largest river in terms of discharge is the ________. | Amazon
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| If you were to examine the profile of a typical river, you would probably find that the gradient is ________. | steepest near the head
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| ________ make up the suspended loads of most rivers and streams. | Silt and clay-sized, detrital grains
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| At a bend in a river, the main erosion is ________. | on the outside of the bend
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| ________ describes the total sediment load transported by a stream. | Capacity
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| At the head of a delta, the major channel splits into smaller channels that follow different paths to the sea. These smaller channels are known as ________. | distributaries
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| A natural levee is ________. 1. an erosional feature 2. a depositional feature 3. essentially parallel to its stream channel | both B and C
1.a depositional feature
2.essentially parallel to its stream channel
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