Quiz 8 Geol

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Question

Answer

Which of the following gases was NOT part of Earth's original atmosphere?

oxygen

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The most common Precambrian fossils are ________, layered mounds of calcium carbonate.

stromatolites

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The ________ era is known as the "age of flowering plants."

Cenozoic

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________ are among the most widespread Paleozoic fossils

Brachiopods

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As the solar system began forming, the first materials to condense into small particles were ________ and nickel. ? oxygen - silicon - nitrogen - carbon ?

none of these

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Which one of the following represents the greatest expanse of geological time?

Precambrian

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During the early Paleozoic era, South America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, India, and perhaps China comprised the vast southern continent of ________

Gondwanaland

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Which type of bacteria thrive in environments that lack free oxygen

anaerobic

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Which era of geologic time spans about 88 percent of Earth's history

Precambian

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The ________ means "the Sun in the making."

protosun

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Mammals became the dominant land animals during the ________ era

Cenozoic

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The ________ period was a time of major extinctions, including 75 percent of amphibian families.

Permian

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The beginning of the Cambrian period marks an important event in animal evolution — the appearance of organisms with _______

hard parts

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The era of "ancient life" is the ________ era. ? Cenozoic - Precambian - Neolithic - Mesozoic ?

none of these

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Due to a virtual absence of land plants and certain animals, fossil fuels are notably absent in ________ rocks

Precambian

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The major source of free oxygen in the atmosphere is from ________

green plants

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The age of Earth is about ________.

4.5 billion years

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The Precambrian rock record indicates that much of Earth's first free oxygen combined with ________ dissolved in water.

iron

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Which one of the following does NOT characterize the early development and specialization of the primitive mammals

increase in stomach capacity

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As they formed, due to their high temperatures and comparatively weak gravitational fields, which planets were unable to retain appreciable amounts of hydrogen, helium, and ammonia?

Mercury and Earth

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Abundant fossil evidence did not appear in the geologic record until about ________

540 million years ago

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During the late Paleozoic, the present-day North America, Europe, western Asia, Siberia, and perhaps China formed the northern continent of ________.

Laurasia

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Most ________ rocks are devoid of fossils, which hinders correlation of rocks.

Precambrian

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The ________ period is sometimes called the "golden age of trilobites."

Cambrian

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________ means "planets in the making."

protoplanet

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The process in which plants use light energy to synthesize food sugars from carbon dioxide is called ________.

photosynthesis

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The beginning of the ________ era is marked by the appearance of the first life forms with hard parts.

Paleozoic

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Each continent contains large "core areas" of Precambrian rocks referred to as _______

shields

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By the close of the Paleozoic, all the continents had fused into the single super continent of ________.

Pangea

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Earth's primitive atmosphere evolved from gases ________.

expelled from within

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The most economically important resource in Cenozoic strata of the Gulf Coast is _______

petroleum

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The waste gas released by plants as they synthesize food sugars from carbon dioxide and water is ______

oxygen

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Most of Earth's iron ore occurs in middle ________ rocks

Precambrian

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The first true terrestrial animals were the _______

reptiles

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This least understood era of Earth's history has not been subdivided into briefer time units (according to the book)

Precambrian

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During the ________ period, large evaporite deposits of rock salt and gypsum formed in North America.

Silurian

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The supercontinent of Pangaea began to break up during the ________ era.

Mesozoic

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Which era is sometimes called the "age of dinosaurs?

Mesozoic

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During the ________ era, the westward-moving North American plate began to override the Pacific plate, eventually causing the tectonic activity that ultimately formed the mountains of western North America

Mesozoic

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By the ________ period, large tropical swamps extended across North America, eventually becoming the vast coal deposits of today

Pennsylvanian

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One group of reptiles, exemplified by the fossil Archaeopteryx, led to the evolution of _______

birds

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Which period is known as the "age of fishes"?

Devonian

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During the Cenozoic, plate interactions gave rise to many events of mountain building, volcanism, and earthquakes in ________ North America

western

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The cells of these primitive organisms lack organized nuclei and they reproduce asexually.

prokaryotes

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Following the reptilian extinctions at the close of the Mesozoic, two groups of mammals, the marsupials and ________, evolved.

placentals

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Cambrian - Mississippian - Jurassic - Devonian

Jurassic

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trilobites - brachiopods - fish - dinosaurs

dinosaurs

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Cenozoic - Phanerozoic - Mesozoic - Paleozoic

Phanerozoic

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The decay of radioactive atoms, coupled with heat released by colliding particles, produced at least some melting of Earth's early interior.

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We are now living in the Mesozoic era.

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Most Mesozoic rocks are devoid of fossils; consequently this is the least understood span of Earth's history

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Probably the single most characteristic feature of the Precambrian is its great abundance of fossil evidence.

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Due to differentiation, the lighter, gaseous materials escaped Earth's interior and became the primitive atmosphere.

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During the early Paleozoic era, the continent of Gondwanaland included North and South America.

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The bodies of our solar system began forming about 5 billion years ago from an enormous cloud of minute rocky fragments and gases.

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The first true terrestrial land animals were the mammals.

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Earth's original atmosphere, several billion years ago, was similar to the present atmosphere.

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The Cenozoic era is the age of mammals.

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The major source of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere is from the decay of plants

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The supercontinent of Pangaea formed during the late Mesozoic era.

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Much of the original free oxygen in the atmosphere combined with iron dissolved in water to become iron oxide.

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During the Cenozoic era, the eastern and western margins of North America experienced similar geologic events.

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The large outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) contain huge amounts of hydrogen and other light materials as part of their composition.

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Fossil fuels are abundant in Precambrian rocks.

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A major event of the Mesozoic era was the breakup of the supercontinent called Pangaea.

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The fault-block mountains of Nevada and Mexico formed during the Cenozoic era.

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When Earth's primitive surface cooled below water's boiling point, torrential rains slowly filled low areas, forming oceans.

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Volcanic activity was common in western North America during much of Cenozoic time.

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The earliest land plants had large, broad leafs to efficiently intercept sunlight.

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Mammals replaced reptiles as the dominant land animals in the Cenozoic era.

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A wave of late Pleistocene extinctions rapidly eliminated many large mammals.

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The beginning of the Precambrian era is marked by the appearance of the first life forms with hard parts.

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Many reptile groups became extinct at the close of the Cenozoic era.

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During the Cenozoic era, a great wedge of sediments from the eroding Rockies created the Great Plains.

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