Hy - FA Rapid Review - Key Associations
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Actinic (solar) keratosis | squamous cell carcinoma
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| Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury | Cushings ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
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| Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns | curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
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| Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon | skip lesions (Crohn’s disease: autoimmune)
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| Aneurysm, dissecting | HTN
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| Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta | atherosclerosis
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| Aortic aneurysm, ascending | Tertiary syphilis
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| Atrophy of the mammillary bodies | Wernicke’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
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| Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage) | sickle cell anemia (HbS)
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| Bacteremia/pneumonia (IV drug user) | S. aureus
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| Bacteria associated with stomach cancer | H. pylori
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| Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly) | S. pneumoniae
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| Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids) | Group B streptococcus (newborns), S. pneumoniae/N. meningitides (kids)
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| Benign melanocytic nevus | spitz nevus (most common in first two decades)
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| Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency | Bernard-soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion)
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| Brain tumor (adults) | supratentorial: mets > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
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| Brain tumor (kids) | infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)
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| Breast Cancer | infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in th US, 1 in 9 women will develop breast CA)
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| Breast mass | 1. Fibrocystic change 2. Carcinoma (post menopausal)
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| Breast tumor (benign) | fibroadenmoa
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| Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia patient | Klebsiella
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| Cardiac primary tumor (kids) | rhabdomyoma
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| Cardiac manifestation of lupus | libman-sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting mitral)
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| Cardiac tumor (adults) | 1. Metastasis 2. Primary myxoma 94:1 left to right atrium
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| Cardiomyopathy | dilated cardiomyopathy (40% are familial)
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| Cerebellar tonsillar herniation | Arnold- chiari malformation (often causes hydrocephalus)
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| Chronic arrhythmia | atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
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| Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune) | predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
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| Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina | DES exposure in utero
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| Congenital adrenal hyperplasia | 21-hydroxylase deficiency
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| Congenital cardiac anomaly | VSD
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| Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemias (black liver) | Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatoocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
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| Constrictive pericarditis in developing world | tuberculosis
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| Coronary artery involved in thrombosis | LAD>RCA>LCA
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| Cretinism | iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
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| Cushing’s syndrome | 1. Corticosteroid therapy 2. Excess ACTH secretion by pituitary
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| Cyanosis (early;less common) | tetralogy of fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
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| Cyanosis (late; more common) | VSD, ASD, PDA
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| Death in CML | blast crisis
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| Death in SLE | Lupus nephropathy
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| Dementia | 1. Alzheimer’s disease 2. Multiple infarcts
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| Demyelinating disease | Multiple sclerosis
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| DIC | gram-negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma
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| Dietary deficit | iron
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| Diverticulum in pharynx | Zenker’s diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
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| Ejection click | aortic/pulmonic stenosis
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| Esophageal cancer | squamous cell carcinoma
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| Food poisoning | S. aureus
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| Gene involved in cancer | p53 tumor suppressor gene
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| Glomerulonephritis (adults) | Berger’s Disease (IgA nephropathy)
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| Gynecologic malignancy | endometrial carcinoma
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| Heart murmur | mitral valve prolapsed
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| Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis | mitral (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse), aortic (2nd affected in rheumatic fever)
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| Helmith infection (US) | 1. Enterobius vermicularis 2. Ascaris lumbricoides
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| Hematoma -- epidural | rupture of middle meningeal artery (arterial bleeding is fast)
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| Hematoma -- subdural | rupture of bridging veins (trauma; venous bleeding is slow)
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| Hemochromatosis | multiple blood transfusions (can rsult in CHF and incrased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
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| Hepatocellular carcinoma | cirrhotic liver (Hep B and C)
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| Hereditary bleeding disorder | von Willebrand's disease
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| hereditary harmless jaundice | Gilbert's syndrome (benign congential unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
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| HLA-B27 | Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis
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| HLA-DR3 or DR4 | Diabetes mellitus type I, RA, SLE
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| Holosystolic murmur | VSD, tricuspid regurg, mitral regurg
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| Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis | Virchow's triad (venus thrombosis)
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| Secondary Hypertension | Renal Disease
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| Hypoparathyroidism | thyroidectomy
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| Hypopituitarism | adenoma
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| infection in blood transfusion | Hep C
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| Kidney stones | Calcium
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| Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L to R becomes R to L) | Eisenmenger's syndrome 9caused by ASD, VSD, PDA)
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| Liver disease | alcoholic liver disease
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| Lysosomal storage disease | Gaucher's disease
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| male cancer | prostatic carcinoma
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| malignancy associated with noninfectious fever | Hodgkin's Lymphoma
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| malignant skin tumor | basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)
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| mental retardation | Down syndrome or fragile X
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| mets to bone | breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
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| mets to brain | lung, breAST, SKIN, KIDNEY, gi
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| METS TO LIVER | Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung
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| mitral valve stenosis | rheumatic heart disease
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| motor neuron disease | ALS
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| myocarditis | Coxsackie B
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| Neoplasm (KIDS) | ALL or cerebellar medlloblastoma
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| Nephrotic syndrome (adults) | membranous glomerulonephritis
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| Nephrotic syndrome (kids) | Minimal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosterois)
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| obstruction of male urinary tract | BPH
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| Opensing snap | mitral stenosis
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| opportunistic infections in AIDS | penumocystits jiroveci pneumonia
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| Organ receiving mets | adrenal glands (due to rich blood supply)
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| Organ sending mets | Lung > breast, stomach
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| Osteomyelitis | S. aureus
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| Osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease | salmonella
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| osteomyelitis with IV drug abuse | Pseudomonas
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| ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast CA | Krukenberg tumor (mucin secreting signet ring cells)
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| Ovarian tumor (benign) | serous cystadenoma
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| Ovarian tumor (malignant) | serous cystadenocarcinoma
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| pancreatic tumor | adenocarcinoma (head of pancreas)
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| pancreatitis (acute) | EtOH and gallstones
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| Pancreatitis (chronic) | EtOH (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
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| Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML | All: child, CLL: adult>60, AML: adult>60, CML: adult 35-50
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| patient with Hodgkin's disease | young male (except nodular sclerosis type: female)
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| Pelvic inflammatory disease | Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis)
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| Philadelphia chromosome | CML
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| bcr-abl | CML
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| Pituitary tumor | prolactinoma, somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
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| Pneumonia, hospital acquired | Klebsiella
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| primary amenorrhea | turner's syndrome (XO)
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| Primary bone tumor (adults) | multiple myeloma
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| Primary hyperaldosteronism | adenoma of adrenal cortex
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| Primary hyperparathyroidism | adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
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| Primary liver cancer | hepatocellular carcinoma
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| pulmonary hypertension | COPD
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| recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities | Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
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| Renal tumor | Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and adult Polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndromes
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| Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause | Cor pulmonale
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| S3 (protodiastolic gallop) | Increased ventricular filling (L to R shunt, mitral regurge, LV failure [CHF])
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| S4 (presystolic gallop) | Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
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| Secondary hyperparathydoirdsm | hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
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| Sexually transmitted disease | Chlamydia
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| SIADH? | small cell carcinoma of the lung
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| site of diverticula | sigmoid colon
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| site of metastasis | regional lymph nodes, liver
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| sites of atherosclerosis | ABD aorta > coronary popliteal > carotid
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| stomach cancer | adenocarcinoma
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| stomach ulcerations with high gastrin levels | Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
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| t(14;18) | Follicular lymphoma (bcl-2 activations)
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| t(8;14) | Burkitt's Lymphoma (c-myc)
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| t(9;22) | Philadelphia Chromosome; CML (bcr-abl
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| Temporal arteritis | risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery
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| testicular tumor | seminoma
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| thyroid cancer | papillary carcinoma
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| tumor in women | leiomyoma (estrogen dependent
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| tumor of infancy | hemangioma
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| tumor of adrenal medulla (adults) | pheochromocytoma
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| tumor of adrenal medulla (kids) | neuroblastoma (malignant)
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| type of hodgkin's | nodular sclerosis (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocity predominance, lymphocytic depleion)
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| type of non-Hodkins | Diffuse large cell
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| UTI | E. coli, S. saprophyticus
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| Viral encephalitis | HSV
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| Vitamin deficiency (US) | Folic Acid
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