The Blood andLymphatic Systems
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| Allergen | A substance that can produce a hypersensitive reaction in the body
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| Anaphylaxis | An exaggerated lfe-threatening hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered antigen
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| Antibodies | Substances produced by the body in response to bacteria, viruses, or other foreign substances. Each class of antibody is named for its action.
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| Antigens | A substance, usually a protein, that cases the formation of an antibody and reacts specifically with that antibody.
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| Acquired Immunity | Immunity that is a result o the body developing the ability to defend itself against a specific agent, as a result of having had the disease or from having received an immunization against a disease.
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| Autologus Transfusion | Transfusion using a person's own product
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| Bleeding Tie | Measurement of the time required for bleeding to stop
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| Coagulation | The process of transforming a liquid into a solid, especially the blood.
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| Edema | The abnormal accumulation of fluid in iterstitial spaces of tissues
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| Elisa | Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: A blood test used for screening fo anantibody to the AIDS virus.
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| Embolus | A dislodged, circulating clot
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| Erythrocyte | A mature red blood cell
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| Hematologist | A medical specialist in the field of hematology
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| Immunity | The state of bing resistant to or protected from a disease. The individual is said to be "immune".
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| Leukocyte | A white blood cell, one of the formed elements of the circulating blood system.
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| Leukocytopenia | An abnormal decrease in number of white blood cells to fewer than 5,000 cells per cubic millimeter
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| Lipid Profile | Measures the lipids in the blood
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| Natural Immunity | Immunity with which we are born; genetic immunity
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| Pancytopenia | A marked reduction in the number of the red blood cells, white blood cells, an platelets.
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| Pathogens | Disease-producing microorganisms
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| Platelet | A clotting cell; a thrombocyte
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| Platelet Count | The count of platelets per cubic millimeter of blood.
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| Red Blood Cell Count | The measurement of the circulating number of RBC's in 1 cubic millimeter of peripheral blood.
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| Splenomegaly | An abnormal enlargement of the spleen
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| Thrombocyte | A clotting cell; a platelet
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| Thrombus | A clot
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| White Blood Cell Count | The measurement of the circulating number of WBCs in 1 cubic millimeter of peripheral blood.
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| Plasma | The watery, straw-colored, fluid portion of the lymph and te blood in which the leukocytes, erythrocytes, andplatelets are suspended
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| Polycythemia Vera | An abnormal increase in the number of RBCs, granulocytes, and thrombocytes, leading to an icrease in blood volume and viscosity (thickness)
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| Schilling Test | A diagnostic analysis for pernicious anemia
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| Septicemia | Systemic infection in which pahogens are present in the circulating bloodstream, having spread fom an infection in ay part ofthe body.
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| Local Reaction | A reaction to treatment that occurs at the site it was administered
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| Hyperalbuminemia | An increased level of albumin in te blood.
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| Susceptible | A state of havinga lack of resistance to pathogens and other harmful agents
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| Purpura | A collection of blood beneath the skin in the form of pinpoint hemorrhages appearing as red-purple skin discolorations.
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| Whte Blood Cell Differential | A measurement of the percentage of each specific type of circulating WBCs present in 1 cubic millimeter of peripheral blood drawn for the WBC count
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| Serum | The clear, thin, and stcky fluid portion of the blood that remains after coagulation. Serum contains no blood cells, platelets, or fibrinogen.
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| Hypersensitivity | An abnormal condition characterized by an excessive reaction to a particular stimulis.
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| Hyperlipidemia | Hyperlipemia
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| Hyperlipemia | An excessive level of blood fats, usually caused by a lipoprotein lipase deficiency oradefect in the conversion of low-density lipoproteins to high-density lipoproteins
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| Hemorrhage | A loss ofa large amount of blood in a short period of time, either externally or intentionally. Hemorrhage may be arterial, venous, or capillary.
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| Dyscrasia | An abnormal condition o the blood or bone marrow, such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, or prenatal Rh incompatibility
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| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | Involves clinical conditions that detroy the body's immune system n the last of final phase of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which primarily damages helper T cell lymphocytes with CD4 receptors.
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| Hematocrit | An assessment of RBC percentage in the total blood volume
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| Reticulocyte Count | A measurement o the number of circulating reticulocytes, immature erythrocytes, in a blood specimen
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| Prothrombin Time (Pt) | A blood tet used to evaluate the common pathway and extrinsic system of clot formation
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| Red Blood Cell Morphology | An examintion of the RBC on a stained blood smear that enables the examiner to identify te form and shape ofthe RBCs
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| Serology | The branch of laboratory medicine that studies blood serum for evidence of infectionby evaluating antigen-antibody reactions.
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| Mononucleosis | Usually caused by the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), mononucleosis typically is a benign self-limiting acute infection of the B lymphocytes
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| Lymphocyte | Small, agranulocytic leukocytes originating from fetal stem cells anddeveloping in the bone marrow
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| Lymphangiogram | An x-ray assessment of the lymphatic system following injection of a contrast medium into the lymph vessels in the hand or foot.
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| Agglutination | The clumping of cells as a result of interaction with specific antibodies called agglutinins. Agglutinins are used in blood typing and in identifying or estimating the strength of immnoglobulins or immune serums.
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| Albumin | A plasma protein. Various albumins arefound in practically all animal tissues and in many plant tissues. In blood, albumin helps maintain blood volume and blood pressure.
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| Complete Blood Cell Count (CBC) | A series of tests performed on peripheral blood, which inexpensively screes for problems in the hematologic system as well as several other organ systems.
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| Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) | Atest performed on the blood, which measures the rate at which red blood cells settle out in a tube of unclottd blood. The ESR is determined by measuring the settling distance of RBCs in normal saline over one hour.
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| Hemoglobin Test | Concentration measurement of the hemoglobin in the peripheral blood. As a vehicle for transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide, hemoglobin levels provide information about the bdy's ability to supply tissues with oxygen.
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| Erythropoietin | A hormone synthesized mainly in the kidneys and released into the bloodstream in response to anoxia (lack of oxygen). It acts to stimulate and regulate the production of erythrocytes and is thus able to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
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| Blood Transfusion | An administration of blood or a blood component to an individual to replace blood lost through surgery, trauma, or disease
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| Hemoglobin | A complex protein-iron compound in the blood that carries oxygen to the cells from the lungs and carbon dioxide away from the cells to the lungs
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| Coomb's Test | Used to discover the presence of antierythrocyte antibodies present in the blood of an Rh negative woman. The production of these antibodies is associated with an Rh icompatibiity between a pregnant Rh negative woman and her Rh positive fetus.
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| Thalassemia | A hereditary form of hemolytic anemia in which the alpha or beta hemoglobin chains are defective and the production of hemoglobin is defiient, creatng hypochromic microcytic RBCs.
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| Hemophilia | Involves different hereditary inadequacies of coagulation factors resulting in prolonged bleeding times.
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| Leukemia | An excessive uncontrolled increase of immature WBCs in the blood eventually leading to inection, anemia, and thrombocytopenia (decreased number of platelets
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| Kaposi's Sarcoma | A locally destructive malignant neoplasm of the blood vessels associated with AIDS. Typically forming lesions on the skin, visceral organs, or mucous membranes. These lesions appear initially as tiny red to purpe macules and evolve into sizable nodulesor
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| Lymphoma | A lymphoid tissue neoplasm that is typically malignant- beginning with a painless enlarged lymph node(s) and progressing to anemia, weakness, fever, and weight loss.
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| Anemia | A condition in which there is a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood to levels below the normal range, resulting in a deficiency of oxygen being delivered to the cells.
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| Pernicious Anemia | Results from a deficiency ofmature RBCs and te fomation and circulation of megaloblasts (large nucleated, immature, poorly functioning RBCs) wth marked poikilocytosis (RBC shape variation) and anisocytosis (RBC size variation)
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| Aplastic Anemia | Also called bone marrow depression anemia, it is characterized by pancytopenia which is an inadequacy o the formed blood elements (RBCs,WBCs, & patelets)
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| Iron Deficiency Anemia | Characterized by deficiency of hemoglobin level due to a lack or iron in the body. Thre is a greater demand on the stored iron that can be supplied by the body
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| Sickle Cell Anemia | A chronic hereditary form of hemolytic anemia in which the RBCs become shaped like a crescent in the presence of low oxygen concentration
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| Hemolytic Anemia | Characterized by th extreme reduction in circulating RBCs due to their destruction
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