Nonblood Specimens and Test
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| amniotic fluid | fluid from with in the sac that surrounds a fetus
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| antibiotic susceptibility | test performed to determine which antibiotics are effective against a particular microorganism
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| body fluids | liquid substances found in the body
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| catheterized | describes a urine specimen collected from a sterile catheter inserted through the urethra into the urinary bladder
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| CSF | clear, colorless liquid circulating within the cavities surrounding the brain and spinal cord
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| clean-catch | method of obtaining a urine sample free of contaminates from the external genital area
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| C & S | process used to grow and identify microorganisms and also identify effective antibiotics to use against them
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| midstream collection | specimen obtained in the middle of urination rather than the beginning or end
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| NP | originating fromt he nasopharynx as in a sample collected using a special flexible swab inserted gently through the nose into the nasopharynx
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| occult blood | hidden blood such as detected in stool specimens using the guaiac test
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| O & P | intestinal parasites and their eggs (ova)
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| semen analysis | laboratory test to assess fertility and determine effectiveness of sterilization after vasectomy
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| suprapubic | collection of a urine specimen by inserting a needle into the urinary bladder
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| sweat chloride | test used to diagnose cystic fibrosis primarily in children and adolescents younger than 20 years of age
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| UA | laboratory test that includes a physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis of a urine specimen
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| UTI | urinary tract infection
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| what special information is required when labeling a nonblood specimen? | type and source of specimen
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| which type of specimen must be handled and analyzed STAT? | cerebrospinal fluid
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| the most frequently analyzed nonblood specimen is? | urine
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| what can happen to urine components if not processed in a timely fashion? | bilirubin breaks down, cellular elements decompose, and bacteria multiply
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| which specimen is PERFERRED for most urine test? | first morning
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| routine urinalysis specimens that cannot be analyzed within 2 hours require? | refrigeration
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| a routine urinalysis typically includes | chemical analysis, microscopic analysis, and physical analysis
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| the most likely reason a culture and sensitivity is ordered is to? | diagnose urinary tract infection
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| urine cytology studies look for the presence of? | abnormal cells, crystals, and microorganisms
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| urine drug screening can be performed | detect illigal drug use (prescription drug abuse is a blood test)
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| suspected pregnancy can be confirmed by testing for the presence of this hormone in urine | human chorionic gonadotropin
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| which specimen is TYPICALLY used for routine urinalysis? | random
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| which urine specimen is the most concentrated? | first morning
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| this test sometimes requires serial urine specimens collected at specific times | glucose tolerance test
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| what is the recommended procedure for collecting 24 hours urine specimen | void the first morning specimen into the toilet; start the timing; collect all the following specimens including the next morning's specimen
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| urine creatinine clearance specimen require what? | refrigeration is perferred, a 24 hour specimen is required, and a blood creatinine is also required
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| this type of specimen is sometimes used to compare urine concentrations of glucose and ketones to blood concentrations. | fractional (double void)
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| which urine test requires a midstream clean-catch specimen? | culture and sensitivity
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| explain how proper midstream urine is collected | void initial urine into the toilet; interrupt the urine flow momentarily; restart urine flow and collect a suffincient amount of urine into a container; void excess urine flow into the toilet
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| midstream clean-catch urine specimens require? | cleaning of the genital area before spcimen collection, collection in a sterile container, and prompt processing
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| which urine specimen is obtained by inserting a sterile needle directly into the urinary bladder and aspirating a sample of urine? | suprapubic
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| which test is sometimes performed on amniotic fluid? | alph-fetoprotein
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| amniotic fluid comes from the | sac surrounding a fetus in the uterus
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| spinal fluid analysis is used in the diagnosis of | meningitis
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| test commonly performed on spinal fluid include? | cell counts, glucose, and protein
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| this test requires intervenous administration of histamine or pentagastrin | gastric analysis
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| a nasopharyngeal culture swab is sometimes collected to detect the presence of organisms that cause? | whooping cough
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| saliva can be tested to | detect alcohol abuse, detect recent drug use, and monitor hormone levels
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| one reason semen analysis is performed is to? | assess fertility
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| how are semen samples acceptable? | delivered in a sterile container, kept at 37 degree C, and obtained on site (never collected in a condom)
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| what fluids are obtained through lumbar puncture? | spinal
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| serous fluid includes? | pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and pleural fluid
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| peritoneal fluid commes from the | abdominal cavity
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| fluid from joint cavities is called | synovial fluid
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| pleural fluid is aspirated from the | lungs
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| accumulation of excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity is called | ascites
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| what is sputum | phlegm
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| sputum is collected in the diagnosis and monitoring of? | tuberculosis
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| what test is used to diagnose cystic fibrosis? | sweat chloride
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| synovial fluid is typically collected in an | EDTA or heparin tube
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| synovial fluid can be tested to identify | arthritis, gout, and inflammation
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| a process called iontophoresis is used to collect? | sweat
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| bone marrow is typically aspirated from the | iliac crest
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| bone marrow is studied to identify | blood disorders
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| a breath specimen can be used to detect | helicobacter pylori
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| what test may require a 24 hour stool specimen | urobilinogen (colourless product of bilirubin reduction. It is formed in the intestines by bacterial action)
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| what refrigerated stool specimen would be acceptable? | occult blood
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| the guaiac test detects | occult blood
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| which type of sample can be tested to detect chronic drug abuse? | hair
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| what type of specimen is required for a "rapid strep" test | throat sample
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| what type of specimen is required for a biopsy? | tissue
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