Chapter 3 (Atoms and the Periodic Table)
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| Halogens | the highly reative elements located in Group 17
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| Transition Metals | the metallic elements located in groups 3-12
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| Noble Gases | the unreactive gaseous elements located in Group 18
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| Ion | an atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained one or more electrons and therefore has a net electric charge
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| Ionization | the process of adding electrons to or removing electrons from an atom or group of atoms
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| Group | a vertival colomn of elements in the periodic table, also called a family
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| Period | a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
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| Nucleus | the center of an atom made up of protons and neutrons
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| Molar Mass | the mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance
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| Periodic Law | the properties of elements tend to repeat in a regular pattern when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number
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| Valence Electron | an electron in the outermost energy level of an atom
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| Orbital | a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons
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| Energy Level | any of the possible energies an electron may have in an atom
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| Electron | a tiny negatively charged subatomic particle moving around outside the nucleus
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| Neutron | a neutral subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom
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| Proton | a positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom
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| Alkaline-earth Metals | the reactive metallic elements located in Group 2`
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| Mass Number | the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
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| Atomic Number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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| Anion | an ion with a negative charge
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| Cation | an ion with a positive charge
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| Conversion Factor | a ratio equal to one that expresses the same quantity in two different ways
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| Avogadro's Constant | the number of particles in 1 mol; equals 6.022 x 10(23) mol/g
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| Mole | the SI base unit that describes the amount of a substance
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| Alkali Metals | the highly reactive metallic elements located in Group 1 of the periodic table
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| Semiconductors | the elements that are intermediate conductors of heat and electricity
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| Nonmetals | the elements that are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity
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| Metals | the elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity
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| Average Atomic Mass | the weighted average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element
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| Average Mass Unit (AMU) | a quantity equal to one-twelfth the mass of a carbon - 12 atom
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| Isotopes | any atoms having the same nubmer of protons but different mumbers of neutrons
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