Chapter 11 with Identification and significance
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| The Market Revolution | Industrial revolution thant happend from 1815-1840. Supply and demand was a concept of this time. | Increase in transportation, changed macheniary, unstable economy. Stimulated economy. Urbanization. This was more productive for the North.
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| Robert Fulton | (blank) | (blank)
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| Lowell Massachusetts | Was a town that was formed in the 1820's by a group of Boston Entreprenerurs. Cloth was the main item produced in this town. Female workers flocked here for work. | Many women flocked to this factory town in hopes of gaining more autonomy.
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| Andrew Jackson | (blank) | (blank)
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| Panic of 1819 | Caused by the Second Bank of fthe United States calling for its loans due to shortage of hardmoney. Depression, the recovery took long. | lack of cash, cycles of booms+busts economy. This depression was similar to Europe, and economy was very unstable and fragile.
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| Whigs | a new political party that emerged in 1830s, liberators, reformers, business, middle class. | two split political parties created the government split. Defying founders ideals..
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| Democrats | political party conservatives | new segragation of government appears, is crystallized
by 1830's, party lines were solidly founded
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| Election of 1828 | popular votes decided the outcome new campaign styles were used (the public now has a say) newspapers become an important factor this was won by Jackson, who was in his second term | beginning of campaigning and today's modern election process
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| President of the "common man" | The way Jackson portryed himeslf to people during the election and his tenure. | Led to him winning the election of 1828 and implimenting "Jackson's Democratic Agenda" during his two terms in office.
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| Jackson's Democratic Agenda | Included the re-settlement of Indians, rapid settlement of the nations interior, along with exersizeing full presidentual powers,and only appointing loyalists to government posts. | This led to the trail of tears, and the beginging of major settlement in the interior of the U.S.
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| Separate Spheres of Influence | *women at home and men work to make money *housework rendered invisible in the economy because it evaluated work by the money that job earned | *this only effected the white upper class because women of lower classes had to work to feed their families
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| Public Schooling | *there should be more schooling *tax payers paid for the schools *women were hired because they were cheaper then men | *formed the traditional women's teaching role in a society
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| Popularity of theatres | Theatre blossomed in the 1830s, providing urban Americans with their most common form of shared entertainment. | Meant greater time for leisure, and the general cultural turn toward the celebration of public speech.
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| The Second Great Awakening | A huge religious movement that resulted in church membership doubling and was especially directed at men and women of the business class. | For the first time in religious history, the same pursuasive tactics used in political elections were also used in the attempt to get increased support of the common person.
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| Charles Grandison Finney | A laweyer-turned-minister who was the leader of the Second Great Awakening. |
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| The American Temperance Movement | (blank) | (blank)
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| Lyman Beecher | founded the American Temperance Society in 1826. which held that drinking led to poverty, idleness, crime and family violence. | temperance society raised alcohol abuse awareness. his movements led to more radical thinking and demands for total abstinence.
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| "moral reform" | first aimed at public morals, then narrowed down to reducing sexual sin, lower prostitution, brothels, etc. | thought that people should be better. reforms like this go in waves. when economy is good people have time to sit back and complain about the downfalls of society. led to more reform groups, such as New York Female Reform Society.
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| The Liberator | Abolishonist Periodical. Founded 1831. | Made people realize the wrongs of slavery and raised awareness.
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| William Lloyd Garrison | Abolishonist Leader. Founded the "Liberator." | Sparked the abolishonist movement.
Advocated immediate and uncompinsated abolition.
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| Abolitionists | A group of radicals who advocated for the immediate and uncompensated end to slavery. This movement to abolish slavery began in the north in the 1830s. | Beginning of the divison between the North and South, anti-slavery and slavery and industry and agriculture.
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| Jackson's Indian Policy | Andrew Jackson saw the Natives as a problem and wanted to remove the Indians to territory west of the Mississippi (in his opinion, the only way to save them). | Jackson believed in Manefest Destiny and felt that the Natives were subjects of the US and therefore should be moved to make way for the American Destiny. The displacement and innumberable deaths of the Natives led to the extinction of many tribes.
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| Indian Removal Act of 1830 | In Jackson's efforts to solve the Indian problem he spent $500,000 to relocate Indians to territory West of the Mississippi. Southern tribes proved resistant . | This defined Jackson's presidency and led to the case of Worcester v. Georgia and eventually to the Trail of Tears.
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| Worcester v. Georgia | 1832, the Supreme Court recognized the Cherokees as a distinct community, not subject to the law of Georgia. Jackson ignored the Court's decision and passed the Cherokee removal to the West. | This lead to the Trail of Tears which is one of the lowest and most embarassing points in US History.
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| Trail of Tears | The Trail of Tears refers to the forced relocation in 1838 of the Cherokee Native American tribe to the Western United States, which resulted in the deaths of an estimated 4,000 Cherokees. | The Cherokee indians took their case to the supreme court who ruled in their favor. However Andrew Jackson used his presidential power to veto the supreme court in order "to save them"
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| Tariff of Abominations | (blank) | (blank)
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| John C. Calhoun | Leader of a group of South Carolina politicians. Drew up a statement outlinine a docterine called nullification. | He thought that when Congress overstepped its powers, states had the right to nullify Congress's acts. Because Jackson ignored the response, South Carolina leaders declared the federal tariff to be null and void in their state as of February 1, 1833.
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| Nullification | The idea that if congress overstepped its boundries that states had the right to nulify congress's acts. Can be seen through the conflict between South Carolina and the Tariff of Abominations in 1828 | Led to the Force bill and made differences evident between the south's priorities and the north's.
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| Force Bill | Defined South Carolinas stance on the Tariff of Abominations as treason and authorized military action to collect said tax. Led to a revised tariff and the withdrawl of South Carolina's nullification of the old tariff. | Brought about the question of Federal power versus states' rights.
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| The Bank War | Jackson's opponents applied for a charter renewal, hoping to secure the future of the bank and the end Jackson's presidency. But when Jackson vetoed the bill, it appealed to the masses, and Jackson went on to win the following election. | Jackson went on to destroy the Bank, which caused a period of booms and busts in the American economy.
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| Specie Circular | 1836 - An order that public land could be purchased only with hard money, which caused bankers to reduce their loans. | - Contributed to the growing economic crisis which would last for more than five years.
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| Panic of 1837 | Caused by veto of Bank of United States Renewal legistlation, failure in crop market, downturn in cotton prices, and surplus of silver. | Martin Van Buren was blamed for the economic downturn, and so was not reelected for a second term as president.
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| Martin Van Buren | President of United States, Democrat, inaugurated 1836,nicknamed "Old Kinderhook" | Came to office one month before the Panic of 1837, and was partially blamed for it, jeopardizing his chance for reelection.
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| William Henry Harrison | (February 9, 1773 – April 4, 1841) was an American military leader, politician, and the ninth President of the United States.Harrison first gained national fame as a war hero, defeating American Indians at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. | He was a whig.Harrison won the presidential election using campaign techniques developed Jackson.
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