CPC Study - Urinary System
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| 3 types of nitrogenous waste: | urea, creatinine, uric acid
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| What does the urinary system do? | removes waste, conserves nutrients and water, balances electrolytes, assists liver in detoxificaction
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| The organs of the urinary system: | kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra
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| These organs secrete berenin and erythropoietin: | kidneys
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| What does berenin affect? | blood pressure
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| What does erythropoietin do? | stimulates red blood cell production in bone marrow
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| This is the outer layer of the kidney: | cortex
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| This is the inner portion of the kidney: | medulla
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| This is the depression on medial border of the kidney through which blood vessels and nerves pass: | hilum
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| The divisions of the medulla of the kidney are called: | pyramids
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| These are the inner parts of the pyramids of a kidney's medulla: | papilla
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| The receptacle for urine within the kidney is called: | renal pelvis
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| These surround the top of the renal pelvis: | calyces
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| These are the operational units of the kidney: | nephrons
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| What are the ureters? | narrow tubes transporting urine from kidneys to bladder
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| What is the trigone? | smooth, triangular area inside the bladder formed by openings of ureters and urethra
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| What is the urethra? | canal from bladder to exterior of body
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| What is the outside opening of the urethra called? | urinary meatus
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| Bulbocavernosus | muscle that constricts vagina in females and urethra in males
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| Bulbourethral | gland with duct leading to urethra
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| Calculus | stone - concretion of mineral salts
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| Calycoplasty | surgical reconstruction of recess of renal pelvis
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| Calyx | recess of renal pelvis
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| Cystolithectomy | removal of a calculus from urinary bladder
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| Cystometrogram | measurement of pressures and capacity of urinary bladder
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| Cystoplasty | surgical reconstruction of bladder
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| Cystorrhaphy | suture of bladder
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| Cystoscopy | use of a scope to view bladder
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| Cystostomy | surgical creation of an opening into the bladder
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| Cystotomy | incision into the bladder
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| Cystourethroplasty | surgical reconstruction of bladder and urethra
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| Dysuria | painful urination
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| Endopyelotomy | procedure involving bladder and ureters, including insertion of a stent into renal pelvis
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| Fundoplasty | repair of the bottom of bladder
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| Hydrocele | sac of fluid
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| Kock Pouch | surgical creation of a urinary bladder from a segment of the ileum
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| Nephrocutaneous Fistula | an abnormal channel from kidney to skin
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| Nephrolithotomy | removal of kidney stone through an incision made into the kidney
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| Nephrorrhaphy | suturing of kidney
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| Nephrostomy | creation of a channel into renal pelvis of kidney
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| Transureteroureterostomy | surgical connection of two ureters
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| Transvesical Ureterolithotomy | removal of a ureter stone through bladder
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| Ureterectomy | surgical removal of ureter, partial or complete
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| Ureterocutaneous Fistula | channel from ureter to skin
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| Ureteroenterostomy | creation of a connection between intestine and ureter
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| Ureterolithotomy | removal of ureter stone
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| Ureterolysis | freeing of adhesions of ureter
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| Ureteroneocystostomy | surgical connection of ureter to a new site on bladder
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| Ureteropyelography | ureter and renal pelvis radiography
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| Ureterotomy | incision into ureter
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| Urethrocystography | radiography of bladder and urethra
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| Urethromeatoplasty | surgical repair of urethra and meatus
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| Urethropexy | fixation of urethra by means of surgery
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| Urethroplasty | surgical repair of urethra
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| Urethrorrhaphy | suturing of urethra
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| Urethroscopy | use of scope to view urethra
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| Vesicostomy | surgical creation of a connection of viscera of bladder to skin
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| Causes of acute renal failure: | extreme hypotension, trauma, infection, inflammation, toxicity, obstructed vascular supply
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| Symptoms of acute renal failure | uremia, oliguria, anuria, hyperkalemia, pulmonary edema
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| Uremia | build-up of nitrogenous wastes in blood
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| Oliguria | decreased output of urine
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| Anuria | no output of urine
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| Hyperkalemia | high potassium in blood
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| 3 types of acute renal failure: | prerenal, intrarenal, postrenal
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| This type of acute renal failure is associated with poor systemic profusion and decreased renal blood flow: | prerenal
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| This type of acute renal failure is associated with renal parenchyma disease: | intrarenal
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| This type of acute renal failure results from urine flow obstruction outside the kidney (ureters or bladder neck): | postrenal
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| What are the 5 stages of renal failure based on? | level of creatinine clearance
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| Increased blood flow through the kidney and enlarged kidney are which stage of chronic renal failure? | Stage I
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| Small amounts of albumin leak into urine in this stage of chronic renal failure: | Stage II
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| The kidney loses ability to filter waste in this stage of chronic renal failure: | Stage III
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| Blood pressure increases and large amounts of urine pass through kidney in this severe stage of chronic renal failure: | Stage IV
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| This stage of chronic renal failure is considered end-stage (dialysis or transplant only option) | Stage V
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| 3 causes of chronic renal failure: | nephrotoxins, diabetes, hypertension
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| Percentage of nephron loss in end-stage renal failure: | 90 percent
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| What bacteria causes bacterial cystitis? | E. coli
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| Acute Pyelonephritis | bacterial infection with multiple abscesses of renal pelvis and medullary tissue
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| What is the function of glomerulus? | blood filtration
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| Glomerulonephritis | inflammation of glomerulus
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| Nephrotic Syndrome (Nephrosis) | disease of kidneys that includes damage to membrane of the glomerulus causing excessive protein loss to urine
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| APSGN | Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
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| APSGN is most common in: | boys between ages 3 and 7
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| Nephrolithiasis and renal calculi are names for: | kidney stones
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| What are kidney stones formed of? | mineral salts (uric and calcium)
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| Where does a staghorn calculus form? | renal pelvis
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| Hydronephrosis | distension of kidney with urine due to obstruction
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| Nephrosclerosis | excessive hardening and thickening of vascular structure of kidney
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| Polycistic Kidney | numerous kidny cysts (genetic disease)
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| Common name for nephroblastoma: | Wilms' Tumor
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| Wilm's Tumor (nephroblastoma) | unilateral kidney tumors - most common tumor in children
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| Surfaces of the bladder: | posterior, anterior, superior
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