Capitalization
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| give distinction, importance, or emphasis to words | fundamental role of capitalization
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| most words are capitalized to emphasize their | identities as entities of significance
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| require capitalization to set them off from text around them, often to indicate introduction of new thought/concept | first/opening words
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| capitalize __ __ of every sentence | first word
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| capitalize __ question w/in sentence | independent
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| capitalize first word of quoted sentence when quoted material represents | independent clause or complete sentence
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| do not capitalize first word of quoted material when it represents | phrase/subordinate clause
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| do not capitalize first word after __ if material that follows is subordinate & cannot stand alone as sentence | colon
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| capitalize first word after colon if it is __ __ or other word that is automatically capitalized | proper noun
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| capitalize first word of independent clause after colon to express | special emphasis or formal rule/instruction
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| capitalize first word after colon when material following colon consists of | 2/more sentences
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| capitalize first word after colon when material preceding colon is | short introductory word, such as Note, Caution, Wanted
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| capitalize each item in __ or __, even when items in list represent single words, phrases, or clauses | list; outline
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| when sentence/independent clause set off by dashes/parentheses w/in another sentence, do not capitalize | first word following opening dash/parentheses
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| do not capitalize first word, when into within parentheses/dashes | represents word, phrase, or subordinate clause
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| capitalize __ __ in titles & designations | major words
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| when preceding personal names all personal, executive, professional, civic, military, & religious titles | should be capitalized
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| when preceding personal names, but follows appositive set off by commas, all personal, executive, professional, civic, military, & religious titles | should not be capitalized
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| do not capitalize general __ __ when they precede personal names | occupational titles
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| occupational titles __ be used with a personal name when it stands alone | cannot
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| official titles __ be used with a personal name when it stands alone | can
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| do not capitalize __ titles when they follow personal name or are used in its place | official
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| retain capitalization for all __ national officials, state officials, foreign dignitaries, & international figures | high-ranking
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| capitalize all official titles when in __ __ | direct address
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| capitalize all family titles (mother, sister, father, etc.) when they are | followed by a personal name & when they stand alone
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| do not capitalize family titles when they are preceded by __ __ | possessive pronoun
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| do not capitalize family titles when they are __ by an article, such as the | preceded
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| capitalize all literary & artistic titles except articles, short conjunctions, & short prepositions unless they | occur as 1st/last word of title
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| do not capitalize word the when it __ a title unless it is part of __ | precedes; title
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| titles of articles take __ __ only when they are used in a reference/source citation | initial capitals
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| treat unique documents & forms within medical facility as you would an article, meaning generic references | would not be capitalized
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| when specific form/document could be confused for common noun/phrase, best to __ __ __ for name of form being referenced | use initial capitals
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| document/form uniquely created & named by facility should be capitalized when it is | referenced within document
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| capitalize abbreviated forms for __ __, especially when they follow personal name | professional credentials
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| do not capitalized credentials that are __ __ when they are generally referenced in sentence, unless they __ personal name as a formal title | spelled out; follow
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| do not capitalize academic degrees used in | general description or classification
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| do capitalize academic degrees that follow personal name as | formal title
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| only capitalize the word __ when referring to its levels, only when a number follows it but not when number precedes it | grade
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| do capitalize general references to __ __ unless full formal name of law/document is referenced | legal terms
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| capitalize all __ nouns or __ names of person, place, or thing | proper; official
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| do not capitalize proper nouns or official name when they | function as common nouns
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| capitalize __ prefix in names that contain it as well as letter that follows apostrophe | O'
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| when common noun used in place of full name, do not capitalize __ __ unless special emphasis is required or when common noun is personified | short form
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| capitalize abbreviated forms of company, corporation, incorporated, & limited when business name | incorporates those abbreviations in its formal name/title
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| eponyms or words named after a person __ __ capitalized | should be
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| extremely common in medical language, where name diseases, signs, syndromes, tests, procedures, instruments, & surgical equipment names are named after inventor, creator, discoverer | eponyms
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| do not __ adjectival or verbal forms derived from eponyms | capitalize
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| capitalize adjectival forms of words derived from proper nouns that are __ __, most of which represent geographic designations | not eponyms
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| when expressed as general reference common organizational terms (department, division, committee, etc.) should | not be capitalized
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| organizational terms unique to clinic/acute care setting (clinic, laboratory, emergency room, intensive care unit, etc) do not | get capitalized
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| clinic, laboratory, emergency room, intensive care unit, etc should be treated as __ nouns | common
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| common organizational terms should be capitalized when they are | part of formal name, including part of federal government agency name
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| anesthesia, pathology, surgery, etc. should be capitalized when functioning in sentence as | organizational entity
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| anesthesia, pathology, surgery, etc. should not be capitalized when it is | their primary/common meaning being referred to in sentence
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| when functioning as organizational entity (anesthesia, pathology, surgery, etc.) will be able to identify them by | personification or departmental entity
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| when identifying words, such as anesthesia, pathology, surgery, etc., can be helpful to substitute | word definition/full departmental entity in place of word to see which makes sense in context
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| anesthesia, pathology, surgery, etc. look for the word __ which would required no capitalization; specimen sent for pathology | for
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| anesthesia, pathology, surgery, etc. look for the word __ which would required capitalization; specimen sent to Pathology | to
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| brand names, trade names, & trademark names will | require capitalization
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| in order to confirm brand status (brand names, trade names, & trademark names) you should always | refer to reputable pharmacology reference or resource
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| many pharmacological brand names use __, or mixed, capitalization in their names | idiosyncratic
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| those that use idiosyncratic capitalization should be transcribed that way; capitalized portions of terms many time represent acronyms that identify specific protocols | chemotherapy protocols & investigational agents
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| generic name, aka nonproprietary name, is __, __ name for a drug | established; official
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| in US, generic name of drugs are created by | US Adopted Names (USAN) Council
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| internationally, generic name of drugs are created by | World Health Organization (WHO)
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| generic drug names are public domain, use is unrestricted & __ __ __ capitalization | do not require
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| when generic & brand names of medication sound a like, use __ __ | generic name
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| when generic & brand names of medication sound a like, use brand name | only if specifically being referenced
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| always refer to reputable pharmacology reference or resource to | confirm generic status
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| illegal/illicit drugs names, or their street references, should __ __ capitalized | not be
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| do not capitalize medicinal __ __ used in alternative medicine | herb names
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| do capitalize proper nouns __ __ medicinal herb names used in alternative medicine; i.e. St. John's wort, St. James weed | that accompany
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| be careful not to confuse medicinal herb names w/their genus/species names; genus __ __ capitalized | would be
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| be careful not to confuse medicinal herb names w/their genus/species names; species __ __ | not capitalized
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| always capitalize genus name & their __ __ when they are accompanied by species name; i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, S aureus | abbreviated forms
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| do not capitalize __ names used in plural & adjectival forms; i.e. staphylococci; strep throat/staph infection | genus
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| do not capitalize genus names when used in __; i.e. staphylococcal infection | vernacular
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| do not capitalize genus names when they __ __ (without a species name); i.e. staphylococcus | stand alone
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| suffixes -osis & -iasis indicate disease caused by particular class of infectious agents/types of infections, & __ require capitalization | don't
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| countries, cities, towns, counties, continents, islands, streets, buildings, parks, airports, peninsulas, bodies of water, monuments, forests, canyons, dams, mountains, & regions will require capitalization when | they name specific location by proper name
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| countries, cities, towns, counties, continents, islands, streets, buildings, parks, airports, peninsulas, bodies of water, monuments, forests, canyons, dams, mountains, & regions will not require capitalization when | described by common nouns in general reference
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| common geographical name is not capitalized in | compound expressions
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| some common geographic names, i.e. the Hill (Capital Hill), the Village (Greenwich Village), etc., are capitalized purely because of their __ __ w/particular place but only when completely unambiguous in context | clear association
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| city is capitalized only when it is | part of name of city or is nickname of that city
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| names of races, languages, nationalities, ethnicities, tribes, political parties, religions, & religious denominations are | always capitalized
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| when referring to race you would not capitalize a(n) | designation of white/black; i.e. single white female
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| references to general religious observances, i.e. baptism, seder, etc., would not be capitalized unless | they are formed from proper nouns
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| special & historical events, i.e. Civil War, should be capitalized, but not | common nouns that accompany them; i.e. era
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| names of awards, medals, & honors __ __ capitalization | always require
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| formal titles of acts, laws, bills, & treaties require capitalization but not | common nouns used in place of them
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| to determine designated capitalization of programming languages & operating systems always refer to reputable source when they are | written in all capitals
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| there are reputable resources for software applications that are expressed as compound nouns requiring | capital letter at beginning of each statement
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| when dealing w/computer commands, functions, or features | use initial capitals
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| capitalize north, south, east, west, & words derived from these terms when they | identify specific region or are part of proper names
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| do not capitalize north, south, east, west, & words derived from these terms when they are | expressed as general direction/location
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| days of week, months, holidays, & religious days __ __ capitalization | will demand
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| names of seasons are not capitalized unless | they are personified
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| names of programs, movements, or concepts (social security check, civil rights activist, etc.) are not capitalized when | used in general reference
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| names of programs, movements, or concepts (Social Security Administration, civil Rights Act, etc.) are capitalized when | used as part of proper names
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| when heading is referred to in body of report, use initial capitals for __ __ in heading to clearly delineate reference as proper heading & not common noun/phrase | each word
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| when heading is referred to in body of report, use initial capitals for each word in heading except for | articles & prepositions
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| when a heading is formatted in all capitals, reference to heading elsewhere in report | should not be expressed in all capitals
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| when clear in context that physician is not referencing specific section of report, but is using phrase as general reference | do not capitalize or delineate as formal title
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| do not capitalize words from which __ or __ is derived unless words are official name, title, or proper nouns | acronyms; initialism
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| when case studies, protocols, or clinical trials are given acronyms that do not always represent initialism, do not | use unusual capitalization to indicate how study name was derived
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| nouns functioning in __ role in sentence should be capitalized, in order to differentiate it from its common noun usage | personified
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| nouns are said to be personified when | they are assigned human qualities
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| refers to concept of giving inanimate object, human/animated qualities | personification
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| capitalize only those elements of __ __ that are proper nouns or proper adjectives when they occur within a sentence | hyphenated words
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| capitalize only the __ __ of hyphenated word when it occurs at beginning of sentence | first element
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| when hyphenated compounds occur in headings, titles, subtitles, or tables, do not capitalize __ __ of hyphenated compound if either part is hyphenated prefix/suffix, or if commonly read as unit | second part
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| when hyphenated compounds represent words that are commonly read as unit & carry equal weight in compound, both parts | should be capitalized when used in headings, titles, etc.
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