chapter 5 study guide
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| 3 registers commonly referred to are | modal register, glottal fry/pulse register and falsetto
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| 3 types of attack | breathy, simultaneous and glottal
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| abdominal fixation | process of impounding air in the thorax to stabilize the torso
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| average fundamental frequency | reflects the frequency of vibration of sustained phonation such as conversational speech
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| Bernoulli Effect | given a constant volume flow of air or fluid, at a point of constriction there will be a decrease in air pressure perpendicular to the flow and an increase in velocity of the flow
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| breathy vocal attack | vocal attack in which expiration occurs before the onset of vocal fold adduction
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| breathy voice | inefficient, air wastage, air escaping while talking
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| clearing throat | pressure is built up from tightening the laryngeal musculature
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| coughing | is a response by the tissues of the respiratory passageway to an irritant or foreign object, mediated by the visceral afferent (sensory) portion of the X vagus nerve innervating the bronchial mucosa
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| cough | forceful evacuation of the respiratory passageway, including deep inhalation through widely abducted vocal folds, tensing and tight adduction of the vocal folds, and elevation of the larynx, followed by forceful expiration
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| Diadochokinesis aka AMR (alternating motor rate) | refers to the alternation of articulators
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| frequency | number of cycles of vibration per second
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| frequency perturbation aka vocal jitter | measure of cycle by cycle variation in fundamental frequency of vibration
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| glottal attack | the vocal attack in which expiration occurs after adduction of the vocal folds (a cough)
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| habitual pitch | frequency of vibration of vf habitually used during speech
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| intensity | magnitude of sound, expressed as the relationship between two pressures or powers
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| intonation | the melody of speech, provided by variation of the fundamental frequency
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| linguistic elements include | pitch, intonation, loudness, stress, duration and rhythm
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| maximum phonation time | refers to the duration of phonation an individual is capage of sustaining/Sustained phonation provides an index of phonatory plus respiratory efficiency
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| muscle spindles | bodies responsible for monitoring and maintaining tonic muscle length
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| modal register aka modal phonation | refers to the pattern of phonation used in daily conversation
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| vertical mode | the vf open from inferior to superior and close same way
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| anterior/posterior mode | vf open and close in anterior to posterior mode
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| monopitch | without variation in vocal pitch (the perception of frequency)
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| monoloud | without variation in vocal loudness (the perception of vocal intensity)
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| natural frequency of vibration | frequency at which a body vibrates given its mass, tension and elasticity
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| octave | doubling of frequency
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| optimal pitch | the perceptual characteristic representing the ideal or most efficient frequency of vibration of the vocal folds
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| phonation | is the product of vibrating vocal folds within the larynx
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| pitch | is the psychological (perceptual) correlate of frequency of vibration
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| pressed phonation | an increase in the strident or harsh quality that tends to abuse the voice
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| prosody | the system of stress used to vary the meaning of speech
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| simultaneous vocal attack | vocal attack in which expiration and vocal fold adduction occur simultaneously
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| suprasegmental | parameters of speech that include prosody, pitch, and loudness changes for meaning
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| sustained phonation | phonation which continues for long durations due to tonic contraction of vocal fold adductors
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| stress | the product of relative increase in fundamental frequency, vocal intensity, and duration
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| terminate phonation | we abduct/open the vocal folds to terminate phonation/When we are not phonating the vf are abducted to prohibit air turbulence
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| vocal attack | movement of vocal folds into the airstream to initiate phonation
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| vocal fundamental frequency | primary frequency of vibration of the vocal folds
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| vocal intensity | sound pressure level associated with a given speech production
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| vocal jitter | cycle by cycle variation in fundamental frequency of vibration
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| vocal register | register or mode refers to differences in vibration of the vocal folds
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| waveform | a representation of displacement of a body over time and displays what was vibrating
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| whistle register | a register above falsetto that is not apparently a mode of vibration
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