The Skeletal System
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| Fracture | A broken bone; a sudden breaking of a bone
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| Pathological Fracture | Occurs when a bone, which is weakened by a preexisting disease, breaks in response to a force that would not cause a normal bone to break
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| Hairline Fracture (stress fracture) | A minor fracture in which the bone continues to be in perfect alignment. Usually is not visible on x-ray until 3 to 4 weeks after the onset of symptoms
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| Colles' Fracture | Occurs at the lower end of the radius, within 1 inch of connecting with the wrist bones
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| Impacted Fracture | Occurs when a direct force causes the bone to break, forcing the broken end of the smaller bone into the broken end of the larger bone
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| Open Reduction | Realigning the bone under direct observation during surgery
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| Closed Reduction | The manual forcing of a joint back into its original position without making an incision
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| Closed Fracture (simple fracture) | A break in the bone, but no open wound in the skin
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| Open Fracture (compound fracture) | A break in the bone as well as an open wound in the skin
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| Compression Fracture | Caused by bone surfaces being forced against eachother
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| Temporal Bones | Form the lower sides and part of the base of the skull
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| Lacrimal Bones | Located at the inner corner of each eye
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| Acetabulum | A socket in the pelvic bone where the thigh bone joins the pelvis
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| Acromion | Highest part of the shoulder where the clavicle and scapula meet
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| Articulation | A joint which binds two bones together
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| Ligaments | Connective tissue which binds bone to bone
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| Skeletal Muscle | Voluntary or striated muscles which attach to bone
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| Sinus | An opening or hollow space in a bone
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| Intercostal Spaces | Space between the ribs
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| Osteoblasts | Immature bone cells
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| Osteocytes | Mature bone cells
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| DEXA Scan | A noninvasive procedure that measures bone density
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| Intervertebral Disc | Disc of cartilage that separates each vertebra of the spinal column
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| Fontanelle/Fontanel | Space between the bones of an infant's cranium (AKA soft spot)
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| Tubercle | A small rounded process of a bone
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| Flat Bones | They are broad and thin with flat surfaces, sometimes curved
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| True Ribs | Ribs 1-7. They are attached to the vertebrae and the sternum
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| Hematopoiesis | The process of blood cell formation in the red marrow of bones
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| Long Bones | Longer than they are wide. They have distinctive-shaped ends
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| Short Bones | As long as they are wide. They are boxlike.
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| Periosteum | The thick fibrous membrane that covers the surface of the long bone, except joint surfaces
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| Osteoporosis | Bones that were once strong become fragile due to loss of bone density; porous bones
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| Osteomalacia | Bones become abnormally soft due to a deficiency of calcium and phosphorus in the blood
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| Smoot Muscles | Muscles found in visceral organs and blood vessels
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| Synovial Joints | Freely moving joints
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| Tendons | Connective tissue which binds muscle to bone
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| Occipital Bone | Back of the head and base of the skull
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| Trochanter | Large bony process located below the neck of the femur, for attachment of muscles
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| Foramen | A whole within a bone through which vessels or nerves pass, as in the foramen magnum of the skull that allows the cranial nerves to pass through it
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| Ossification | The conversion of the fibrous connective tissue and cartilage into bone or a bony substance
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| Osteomyelitis | Infection of the bone and bone marrow, resulting from a bacterial infection that has spread to the bone tissue through the blood
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| Kyphosis | An abnormal outward curvature of a portion of the spine, commonly known as humpback or hunchback
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| Scoliosis | An abnormal lateral curvature of a portion of the spine
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| Spinal Stenosis | A narrowing of the vertebral canal, nerve root canals, or intervertebral foramini (openings) of the lumbar spinal canal. The narrowing causes pressure on the nerve roots prior to their exit from the foramini
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| False Ribs | Ribs 8-10. They connect to the spine, but not the sternum
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| Floating Ribs | Ribs 11-12. They are attached to the spine but float in the front
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| Condyle | Knucklelike projection at the end of a bone; usually fits into a fossa of another bone to form a joint
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| Diaphysis | The main shaftlike portion of a long bone. Hollow cylinder shape and consists of thick compact bone
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| Epiphysis | Located at each end of a long bone. They have a bulb-like shape that provides space for muscle attachments
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| Epiphyseal Line | Layer of cartilage that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis of the bone
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| Sulcus | A groove or depression in a bone; a fissure
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| Sutures | Immovable joints, such as those of the cranium
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