Whole Body Terminology
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| Aplasia | A developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue
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| Anaplasia | A change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversion to a more primitive form
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| Dysplasia | Any abnormal development of tissues or organs
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| Anterior | Pertaining to the front of the body or toward the belly of the body
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| Cardiac Muscle | Specialized type of muscle that forms the wall of the heart; a type of involuntary muscle
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| Caudal | Pertaining to the tail
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| Cell | The smallest and most numerous structural unit of living matter
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| Cell Membrane | The semipermeable barrier that is the outer covering of a cell
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| Cervical Vertebrae | Consisting of the first seven segments of the spinal column, make up the bones of the neck
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| Coccyx | Located at the very end of the vertebral column and is also called the tailbone. The adult coccyx is a single bone that is the result of the fusion of the four individual coccygeal bones in the child
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| Connective Tissue | Tissue that supports and binds other tissue and parts. May be: liquid:blood; fatty:protective padding; fibrous:tendons/ligaments; cartilage:rings of trachea; solid:bone
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| Cranial | Pertaining to the cranium or brain
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| Dorsal | Pertaining to the back or posterior
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| Genes | Segments of chromosomes that transmit hereditary characteristics
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| Frontal Plane | Any of the vertical planes passing through the body from the head to the feet, perpendicular to the sagittal planes and dividing the body into front and back portions
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| Histologist | Medical scientist who specializes in the study of tissues
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| Hyperplasia | An increase in the number of cells of a body part
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| Hypoplasia | Incomplete or under-developed organ or tissue, usually the result of a decrease in the number of cells
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| Inferior | Below or downward toward the tail or feet
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| Lateral | Toward the side of the body, away from the midline of the body
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| Medial | Toward the midline of the body
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| Midline of the Body | The imaginary "line" that is created when the body is divided into equal right and left halves
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| Muscle Tissue | The tissue that is capable of producing movement of the parts and organs of the body by contracting and relaxing its fibers
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| Nervous Tissue | Tissue that transmits impulses throughout the body, thereby activating, coordinating, and controlling the many functions of the body
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| Nucleus | The central controlling body within a licing cell that is enclosed within the cell membrane
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| Peritoneum | A specific, serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall of the body and is reflected over the contained viscera
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| Posterior | Pertaining to the back of the body
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| Prone | Lying facedown (horizontal position) on the abdomen
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| Proximal | Toward or nearest the trunk of the body; or nearest to the point of origin of a body part
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| Sacrum | Located below the lumbar vertebrae, is the fourth segment of the spinal column. This single, triangular-shaped bone is a result of the fusion of the five individual sacral bones of the child
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| Skeletal Muscle | Muscle that is attached to bone and is responsible for the movement of the skeleton: AKA striated muscle:acts voluntarily
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| Smooth Muscle | Found in the walls of hollow organs and tubes, acts voluntarily
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| Superficial | Pertaining to the surface of the body, or near the surface
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| Superior | Above or upward toward the head
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| Supination | A movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward
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| Thoracic Cavity | The thoracic cavity contains the lungs, heart, aorta, esophagus, and trachea
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| Transverse Plane | Any of the planes cutting across the body perpendicular to the sagittaland the frontal planes dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portion
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| Umbilicus | The navel; AKA bellybutton
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| Visceral | Pertaining to the internal organs
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| Abdominal Cavity | The abdominal cavity is serparated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm (the muscle that aids in the process of breathing). The abdominal cavity contains the liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines, and kidneys
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| Anatomical Position | The standard reference position for the body as a whole: the person is standing with arms at the sides and palms turned forward; the individual's head and feet are also pointing forward
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| Chromosomes | The threadlike structures within the nucleus that control the functions of growth, repair, and reproduction for the body
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| Cranial Cavity | Contains the brain; pertaining to the head
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| Cytology | The study of cells
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| Distal | Away from or farthest from the trunk of the body; farthest from the point of origin of a body part
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| Epigastric Region | The region of the abdomen located between the right and left hypochondriac regions in the upper section of the abdomen, beneath the cartilage of the ribs
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| Epithelial Tissue | The tissue that covers the internal and external organs of the body; It also lines the vessels, body cabities, glands, and body organs
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| Hypogastric Region | The middle section of the lower abdomen, beneath the umbilical region
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| Inguinal Region | The right and left regions of the lower section of the abdomen; AKA Iliac Region
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| Lumbar Region | The right and left regions of the middle section of the abdomen
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| McBurney's Point | A point on the right side of the abdomen, about two thirds of the distance between the umbilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip
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| Mediolateral | Pertaining to the middle and side of the structure
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| Mitochondria | Cell organs, or organelles, which provide the energy needed by the cell to carry on its essential functions
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| Navel | The umbilicus; the bellybutton
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| Neoplasia | The new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant
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| Pelvic Cavity | The lower front cavity of the body, located beneath the abdominal cavity; contains the urinary bladder, and reproductive organs
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| Plantar | Pertaining to the sole or bottom of the foot
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| Plane | Imaginary slices, or cuts, made through the body as if a dividing sheet were passed throuh the body at a particular direction, permitting a view from a different angle.
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| Supine | Lying horizontally on the back, face up
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| Tissue | A group of cells that perform specialized functions
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| Umbilical Region | The region of the abdomen located in the middle section of the abdomen, between the right and left lumbar regions and directly beneath the epigastric region
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| Ventral | Of or pertaining to a position toward the belly of the body; forward; anterior
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| Visceral Muscle | Those of the internal organs; AKA Smooth Muscle
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