cadiology
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| what 2 things cause blood to become more thicker than water | plasma proteins and blood cells
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| what percentage of plasma is water | 91%
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| what 2 materials are dissolved in plasma and then transported | nutrients and waste products
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| what are 2 types of hemopoietic tissue | red bone marrow & lymphatic tissue
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| what are red blood cells called & what is their shape | erythrocytes (biconcave)
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| what intracellular structure is missing on red blood cells | nucleus
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| what protein in the red blood cells carries oxygen | hemoglobin
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| what blood test do we use to measure the amt of red blood cells | hematocrit
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| what are stem cells in red bone marrow called that will eventually become red blood cells | hemocytoblast
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| how many days do red bone marrow cells live | 120 days
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| old red blood cells are macrophaged and stored in the | liver
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| the heme portion of the recycling is converted to | bilirubin
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| this is excreted into into the form of | bile
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| ABO blood type has what 4 blood types | A, B, AB, O
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| is the RH factor always present | no
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| what are the 3 types of granular white blood cells called | neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
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| what are the 2 types of agranular white blood cells called | lymphocytes & monocytes
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| if a person has a high white blood cell count they might have what | infection
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| what is the medical term for high WBC | leukocytosis
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| what is the medical term for low WBC | leukopenia
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| platelets are fragments of cells called | megakaryocytes
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| platelets are necessary for the prevention of blood loss which is also called | homeostasis
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| besides cells, what also makes up a clot | fibrin
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| what is the outside layer of the pericardium called | fibrous
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| what is the middle layer called | parietal
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| what is the inside called | visceral (aka epicardium)
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| the heart has 4 chambers - what are the upper 2 chambers called | atriums
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| what are the lower 2 chambers called | ventricles
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| the chambers are lined with a simple squamous epithelium called | endocardium
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| blood flowing into the heart from the vena cava - is it high or low in oxygen | low
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| blood flowing to the pulmonary vein | high
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| blood flowing to the aorta | high
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| when the coronary artery becomes obstructed & deprive myocardium of oxygen, this is called | ischemic
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| when the cells begin to die because of lack of oxygen this is called | myocardial infarction
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| when the atriums contract and the ventrials contract this is called | heartbeat
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| what about a cardiac cycle | sequence of events in 1 heartbeat
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| what 2 parts of the conduction system bring about atrial contraction | SA node & AV node
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| what 3 parts parts bring about ventricular contraction | Bundle of His, bundle branches & purkinje fibers
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| what does the term systole mean | contraction
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| what does the term diastole mean | relaxation
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| heart rate consisently less than 60 beats/min | bradycardia
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| heart rate consistently greater than 100 beats/min | tachycardia
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| the electrical activity of the heart may be depicted by what simple test | EKG
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| what are the 3 layers of an artery or a vein (must have word tunica in front of ea one) | tunica externa (outside); tunica media (middle); tunica intima (inside)
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| endothelium folds within what structures to prevent backflow of tunica intima | valves & veins
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| what is the purpose of anastomoses | detour around blocked vessels
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| capillaries are the site of exchange of material between blood & tissue around it (true or false) | true
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| because capillary blood pressure is higher, what process occurs with forced plasma & dissolved nutrients out of capillaries into tissue fluid | filtration
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| define pulmonary circulation | blood flow from heart to lungs & blood flow from lungs back to heart with gases being exchanged
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| in hepatic circulation, blood from the digestive organs & spleen circulate to what organ | the liver before it goes back to the heart
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| the fetus is connected to the placenta by the umbilical cord which has how many arteries & veins | 2 arteries & 1 vein
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| the vessels allow for exchange of materials by what 2 processes | diffusion & active transport
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| what is the definition of peripheral resistance | resistance a blood vessel puts on the flow of blood
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| what is normal ph of blood | 7.35 to 7.45
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| what artery do you listen to when listen to a BP | brachial artery
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| if a person has an irregular heart beat, they are said to have | arrhythmias or dysrhythmias
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| define cyanosis | blue coloration due to lack of oxygen
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| name 2 tests to evaluate coronary artery diseas | treadmill and angiogram
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| what disease is best defined as chest pain after exertion | angina pectoris
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| what are 2 etiologies for cardiac arrest | anoxia & interruption of electrical stimuli
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| list 3 signs of congestive heart failure | enlarged heart; abdominal edema; edema of legs & feet
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| what is the medical term for right side heart failure | Cor Pulmonale
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| how would you define cardio genic shock | inadequate output of blood by the heart
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| what condition is the compression of heart muscle & restriction of heart & its movement caused by blood or fluid trapped in pericardial sac | Cardiac Tamponade
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| emboli are usually made of blood - can you name 3 other things that form an emboli | air; pieces of tissue; fat
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| is surgical repair the only way we can treat an aneurysm | no (we sometimes do conservative observation only)
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| what condition will result in a measureable difference of an affected leg vs the other leg | Thrombophlebitis
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| what are varicose veins | swollen, knotted veins in lower legs
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| True or false - Buerger's Disease is an inflammation of peripheral arteries & veins with formations of clots | True
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| Raynaud's Disease is what kind of condition of fingers, hand & feet | vasospastic condition
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| List 4 types of anemias | iron deficient; folic acid deficiency; pernicious; aplastic
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| the most severe transfusion reaction is due to an incompatability & are charaterized by what 2 things | hemolysis & agglutination
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| how do you get Classic Hemophilia | hereditary (is a deficiency of clotting factors)
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| Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation is what 2 things happening | bleeding & clotting
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| Hodgkin Disease (aka Hodgin Lymphoma) is what kind of disease of body lymphatic system | cancer
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| what blood type is universal donor | O
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| what blood type is the universal recipient | AB
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| what chambers of the heart receive blood from arteries | none
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| in the pulmonary semilunar valve is the blood high or low | low
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