disorders, anatomy & physiology of hearing
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| professional doctorate in audiology | Au. D.
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| AAA stands for | American Academy of Audiology
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| tuning fork test of laterization | Weber
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| interaural attenuation | the energy lost as sound travels from one ear to another
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| false positive response | patient signals that they hear a tone when no tone presented
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| dimensions of an audiogram should be | 1 octave by 20 dB
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| false negative response | patient does not respond to a near-threshold tone that s/he responded to earlier
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| equation for cross-hearing | AC (test ear - IA greater than or = to BC (non-test ear)
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| cerumen produced in the | cartilagenous external auditory canal
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| complete absence of the pinna | anotia
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| concha | middle-most, bowl shaped portion of pinna, which opens into the external auditory canal
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| point of maximum retraction of the TM | umbo
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| largest surface area of TM | pars tensa
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| general term for surgical repair of damage to middle-ear structures to restore function | tympanoplasty
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| pinna most efficient in funneling what frequencies to the TM | high
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| TM is held in position at the end of the external auditory canal by the | tympanic annulus
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| hearing testing with supra-aural earphones may cause the appearance of a conductive loss due to | collapse of the cartilaginous external auditory canal
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| fungal infections of the external auditory canal | otomycosis
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| when examining the outer & middle ear of adult the pinna should be pulled | up and back to straighten canal
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| when examining the outer & middle ear of child the pinna should be pulled | down and back to straighten canal
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| congenital closure of a normally open orifice | atresia
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| any plastic surgery performed on the external ear | otoplasty
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| narrowing of external auditory canals | stenosis
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| tympanic membrane composed of how many layers? | 3
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| pars flaccida AKA? | Shrapnell's membrane
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| surgical repair of damage to middle-ear structures | tympanoplasty
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| Pressure equalization tubes function as artificial | eustachian tubes
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| when eustachian tube chronically open, known as | patulous
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| physical volume test is designed to determine presence of | a tympanic membrane perforation
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| during gestation the middle-ear space is filled with | mesenchyme
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| middle-ear muscle which contracts in order to reduce the amplitude of sound vibration; innervated by a branch of VII facial cranial nerve | stapedius muscle
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| artifact of bone conduction most evident at 2000-2500 Hz; one of the first clinical manifestations of otosclerosis | carhart notch
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| blue sclera, Schwartze sign, & paracusis willisi are usually symptoms of | otosclerosis
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| thickening of the tympanic membrane secondary to otitis media | tympanosclerosis
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| the fluid line that it may be possible to see during a case of serous effusion | meniscus
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| the space in the middle-ear cavity above the tympanic membrane | epitympanic recess
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| the stapes sits in the | oval window
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| otosclerosis is most prevalent in | women
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| the tensor tympani muscle is innervated by the | trigeminal nerve
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| a reddish glow observed through the tympanic membranes of some patients with otosclerosis | the Schwartze sign
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| a pseudo-tumor in the middle ear composed of skin and fatty tissue | cholesteatoma
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| as frequency is decreased, the occlusion effect | increases
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| otosclerosis patients report that they hear better in places that are | noisy
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| when loudness grows so rapidly that a tone may be as loud in an impaired ear as in a normal ear at the same SPL | recruitment
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| rapid rocking movement of the eyes | nystagmus
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| a device used to measure oscillatory movement of the eyes in response to caloric stimulation | electronystagmograph
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| the end organ of the semicircular canals is the | crista
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| the type of acceleration the utriculosaccular mechanism is responsible for interpreting is | linear
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| the type of acceleration the semicircular canals are responsible for interpreting is | angular
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| the tips of the outer hair cells are embedded in the | tectorial membrane
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| the fluid that surrounds the membranous labyrinth is | perilymph
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| carries blood, supports hair cells & produces endolymph | stria vascularis
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| the stria vascularis does not produce a | DC potential
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| extends the entire length of the cochlea ans supports the organ of corti | basilar membrane
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| when the ear is stimulated by sound, the oval and round windows move | in an out of phase relationship
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| the structure btw the stapes and the inner ear is the | oval window
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| a child may be be born with a hearing loss if exposed prenatally to this virus | cytomegalovirus (CMV)
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| the basal end of the cochlea responds to these frequencies | highest
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| the apical end of the cochlea responds to these frequencies | lowest
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| contracting a viral infection during which trimester of pregnancy can be most damaging to a child's hearing mechanism? | first
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| deprivation of oxygen, which may cause damage to the cochlea, is called | anoxia
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| the central core around which the cochlea winds is called the | modiolus
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| the small opening allowing passage of perilymph from the scala vestibuli to the scala tympani | helicotrema
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| caloric testing measures | nystagmus
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| episodic, sensorineural hearing loss, sensation of fullness & low frequency tinnitus, poor hearing sensitivity with poor speech discrimination are symptoms of | Meniere disease
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| hearing thresholds that improve after initial impairment due to noise exposure | temporary threshold shifts
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| in case of noise induced hearing loss, hearing is generally poorest at around what frequency? | 4000 Hz
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| hearing loss associated with aging is | presbycusis
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| phonemic regression is associated with this hearing disorder | presbycusis
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| oversecretion or underabsorption of endolymph is thought to be a probable cause of this disease | Meniere disease
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| noise induced hearing loss from impulsive sounds | acoustic trauma
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| inflammation of the external ear | otitis externa
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| appendage of external ear consisting of cartilage | auricle
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| surgery to repair the tympanic membrane | myringoplasty
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| ear pain | otalgia
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| failure of a portion of the anatomy to develop | agenesis
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| an operation to reverse hearing loss caused by otosclerosis (carried out by breaking the stapes footplate free) | stapes mobilization
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| sterile fluid accumulation in the middle ear | serous effusion
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| an operation to remove infection from the mastoid | mastoidectomy
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| a small muscle that can impede movement of the malleus | tensor tympani
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| inflammation of the mastoid | mastoiditis
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| an operation designed to improve hearing loss caused by otosclerosis (by removing the stapes and replacing it with a prosthesis | stapedectomy
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| the attic of the middle ear space | aditus ad antrum
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| moist lining of the middle ear space | mucous membrane
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| infection of the middle ear | otitis media
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| in anatomy, a leg, as of the stapes | crus
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| formation of spongy bone that may affect normal movement of the stapes | otosclerosis
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| incision into the tympanic membrane, usually to remove fluid | myringotomy
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| membrane separating the middle ear from the inner ear | round window
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| a channel connecting the middle ear to the nasopharynx | eustachian tube
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| calcium formation btw layers of the tympanic membrane or in middle ear, caused by infection | tympanosclerosis
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| an older operation to correct hearing loss from otosclerosis | fenestration
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| a small muscle connected to the stapes | stapedius
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| the efferent portion of a neuron | axon
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| fluid contained in the vestibular & cochlear portions of the bony labyrinth that surrounds the membranous labyrinth | perilymph
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| the central portion of a nerve cell | cell body
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| a vascular strip along the outer wall of the scala media that supplies oxygen to the cochlea | stria vascularis
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| the cavity of the inner ear that contains the organs of equilibrium | vestibule
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| nerves that carry impulses from the periphery to the brain | afferent
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| three loops within the vestibule that monitor angular acceleration | semicircular canals
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| the cochlear duct containing the organ of corti | scala media
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| the widened ends of the semicircular canals that contain the cristae | ampullae
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| fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth | endolymph
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| the membrane separating the scala media from the scala tympani & supporting the organ of corti | basilar membrane
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| Reissner's membrane AKA | vestibular membrane
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| a membrane extending the entire length of the cochlea, separating the scala media from the scala vestibuli | vestibular membrane
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| the interconnecting canals in the temporal bone that contain perilymph, in which is found the membranous labyrinth | labyrinth
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| the branching portion of a neuron that carries impulses to the cell body | dendrite
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| the impression of increased loudness of a bone-conducted tone when the outer ear is tightly covered | occlusion effect
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