muscles action origin insertion nerve
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| Biceps Brachii | long head: tubercle above glenoid cavity, short head: coracoid process | radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis | flex forearn, supinate forearm at radioulnar joint, flex arm | musculocutaneous
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| coracobrachialis | coracoid process of scapula | middle of medial surface of shaft of humerus | flex and adduct arm | musculocutaneous
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| deltoid | acromial extremity of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula | deltoid tuberosity of humerus | lateral fibers ABduct, anterior fibers flex and medially rotate, posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate | axillary nerve
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| triceps brachii | long head: infraglenoid tubercle,lateral head: lat. and post. surface of humerus superior to groove for nerve, medial head: entire post. of humerus | olecranon of ulna | extends arm @ shoulder and forearm @ elbow | radial nerve
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| Brachioradialis | lateral border of distal end of humerus | superior to styloid process of radius | flexes forearm @ elbow, supinates and pronates forearm at radioulnar joints to neutral position | radial
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| Infraspinatus | infraspinous fossa of scapula | greater tubercle of humerus | laterally rotates and adducts arm at shoulder joint | suprascapular nerve
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| Supraspinatus | supraspinous fossa of scapula | greater tubercle of humerus | assists DELTOID IN ABDUCTION | subscapular nerve
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| teres MAJOR | inferior angle of scapula | medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus | extends arm at shoulder joint and assists in adduction and medial rotation of arm at shoulder | lower subscapular nerve
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| teres MINOR | inferior lateral border of scapula | greater tubercle of humerus | laterally rotates, extends, and adducts arm at shoulder | axillary nerve
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| subscapularis | subscapular fossa of scapula | lesser tubercle of humerus | medially rotates arm at shoulder | upper and lower subscapular nerve
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| rhomboids | major: spines of T2-T5 vertebrae, Minor: C7-T5 | vertebral border of scapula inferior and superior to spine | (EARS) elevates and adducts scapula, rotates it downward, stabilizes EARS)( | dorsal scapular nerve
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| trapezius | superior nuchal line of occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spines of C& -T12 | clavicle and acromion and spine of scapula | superior fibers elevate scapula, can help extend head, middle fibers adduct scapula; inferior fibers depress scapula; superior and inferior fibers together rotate scapula upward, stabilize scapula | accessory (XI) and cervical spinal nerves C3-C5
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| quadratus lumborum | iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament | inferior border of rib 12 and first 4 lumbar vertebrae | acting together, pull 12th ribs inferiorly during forced exhalation; fix 12th ribs to prevent their elevation during deep inhalation, help extend lumbar portion of column, acting singly, laterally flex vertebral colums, especially lumbar portion | thoracic spinal nerve T12, and lumbar spinal nerves L1-L3or L4
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| Latissimus dorsi | spines of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, crests of sacrum and ilium, inferior 4 ribs | intertubercular sulcus of humerus | extends adducts, and medially rotates arm at shoulder, draws arm inferiorly and posteriorly | thoracodorsal
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| levator scapula | superior 4 or 5 cervical vertebrae | superior vertebral border of scapula | elevates scapula and rotates it downward | dorsal scapular nerve and cervical spinal nerves C3-C5
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| subclavius | first rib | clavicle | depresses and moves clavicle anteriorly and helps stabilize pectoral girdle | subclavian nerve
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| serratus anterior | superior 8 or 9 ribs | vertebral border and inferior angle of scapula | ABDUCTS scapula and rotates it upward, elevates ribs when scapula is stable, "boxer's muscle" | long thoracic nerve
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| pectoralis major | clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 2-6 | greater tubercle and lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of humerus | as a whole, adducts and medially rotates arm at shoulder, clavicular head also extends the flexed arm to side of trunk | medial and lateral pectoral nerves
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| pectoralis minor | ribs 2-5, 3-5, or 2-4 | coracoid process of scapula | ABDUCTS scapula and rotates it downward, elevates ribs during forced inhalation when scapula is fixed | medial pectoral nerve
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| diaphragm | xiphoid process of sternum, costal cartilages inferior 6 ribs, lumbar vertevrae and their discs, and rib 12 | central tendon | contraction causes it to flatten and increase the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity, resulting in inhalation; relaxation causes it to move superiorly and decreas dimension, result is exhalation | phrenic nerve
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| biceps femoris | long head: ischial tuberosity, short head linea aspera of femur | head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia | flexes leg at knee, and extends thigh at hip | tibial and common peroneal nerves from the sciatic nerve
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| semitendinosus | ischial tuberosity | poximal part of medial surface of tibia | flexes leg at knee and extends thigh at hip | tibial
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| semimembranosus | ischial tuberosity | medial condyle of tibia | flexes leg at knee and extends thigh at hip | tibial
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| gastrocnemius | medial and lateral condules and posterior surface of femur, capsule of knee joint | calcaneus via calcaneal tendon | plantar flexion and inversion of foot | tibial nerve and S1, S2
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| soleus | head of fibula and medial border of tibia | calcaneus via calcaneal tendon | plantar flexion and inversion of the foot | tibial nerve and S1, S2
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| vastus lateralis | greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur | patella via quadraceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity viz patellar ligament | extend leg at knee | femoral
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| vastus medialis | linea aspera of femus | patella via quadraceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity viz patellar ligament | extend leg at knee | femoral
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| vastus intermedius | anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur | patella via quadraceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity viz patellar ligament | extend leg at knee | femoral
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| sartorius | Anterior Superior Iliac Spine | medial surface of body of tibia | flexes leg at knee, flexes, ABDUCTS, laterally rotates thigh at hip | femoral
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| Psoas major | transverse processes and bodies of lumbar vertebrae | with iliacus to lesser trochanter of femur | together w/iliacus flex thigh at hip, rotate thigh laterally, flex trunk as in sitting from lying down position | spinal nerves L2, L3
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| piriformis | anterior sacrum | superior greater trochanter of femur | ABDUCTS leg at hip, laterally rotates thigh | sacral spinal nerves S1, S2
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| tensor fasciae latae | iliac crest | tibia via iliotibial tract | flexes and ABDUCTS thigh at hip | superior gluteal
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| tibialis anterior | lateral condyle, and body of tibia, interosseous membrane | first metatarsal and first cuneiform | dorsiflexes and inverts foot | deep peroneal (fibular)
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| fibularis brevis | body of fibula | base of 5th metatarsal | plantar flexes and everts foot | superficial peroneal nerve
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| occipitofrontalis | epicranial aponeurosis | skin superior ot supraorbital margin | draws scalp anteriorly, raises eyebrows, and wrinkles skin of forehead horizontally as in a look of surprise | facial nerve VII
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| masseter | maxilla and zygomatic arch | angle and ramus of mandible | elevates mandible, as in closing mouth | mandibular division of trigeminal nerve V
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| temporalis | temporal bone | coronoid process and ramus of mandible | eleates and retracts mandible | mandibular division of trigeminal nerve V
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| platysma | fascia over deltoid and pectoralis major muscle | mandible, muscle around angle of mouth, skin of lower face | draws outer part of lower lip inferiorly and posteriorly as in pouting, depresses mandible | facial nerve VII
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| sternocleidomastoid (SCM) | sternum and clavicle | mastoid process of temporal bone | acting together, flex cervical portion of vertebral colum, flex head, and elevate sternum during forced inhalation; singly, laterall extend and rotate head to side opposite contracting muscle | accessory nerve XI
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