| muscle |
 |
|
| origin |
|
|
| insertion |
|
|
| action |
|
|
| nerve |
|
|
| Biceps Brachii |
long head: tubercle above glenoid cavity, short head: coracoid process |
radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis |
flex forearn, supinate forearm at radioulnar joint, flex arm |
musculocutaneous |
| coracobrachialis |
coracoid process of scapula |
middle of medial surface of shaft of humerus |
flex and adduct arm |
musculocutaneous |
| deltoid |
acromial extremity of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula |
deltoid tuberosity of humerus |
lateral fibers ABduct, anterior fibers flex and medially rotate, posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate |
axillary nerve |
| triceps brachii |
long head: infraglenoid tubercle,lateral head: lat. and post. surface of humerus superior to groove for nerve, medial head: entire post. of humerus |
olecranon of ulna |
extends arm @ shoulder and forearm @ elbow |
radial nerve |
| Brachioradialis |
lateral border of distal end of humerus |
superior to styloid process of radius |
flexes forearm @ elbow, supinates and pronates forearm at radioulnar joints to neutral position |
radial |
| Infraspinatus |
infraspinous fossa of scapula |
greater tubercle of humerus |
laterally rotates and adducts arm at shoulder joint |
suprascapular nerve |
| Supraspinatus |
supraspinous fossa of scapula |
greater tubercle of humerus |
assists DELTOID IN ABDUCTION |
subscapular nerve |
| teres MAJOR |
inferior angle of scapula |
medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus |
extends arm at shoulder joint and assists in adduction and medial rotation of arm at shoulder |
lower subscapular nerve |
| teres MINOR |
inferior lateral border of scapula |
greater tubercle of humerus |
laterally rotates, extends, and adducts arm at shoulder |
axillary nerve |
| subscapularis |
subscapular fossa of scapula |
lesser tubercle of humerus |
medially rotates arm at shoulder |
upper and lower subscapular nerve |
| rhomboids |
major: spines of T2-T5 vertebrae, Minor: C7-T5 |
vertebral border of scapula inferior and superior to spine |
(EARS) elevates and adducts scapula, rotates it downward, stabilizes EARS)( |
dorsal scapular nerve |
| trapezius |
superior nuchal line of occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spines of C& -T12 |
clavicle and acromion and spine of scapula |
superior fibers elevate scapula, can help extend head, middle fibers adduct scapula; inferior fibers depress scapula; superior and inferior fibers together rotate scapula upward, stabilize scapula |
accessory (XI) and cervical spinal nerves C3-C5 |
| quadratus lumborum |
iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament |
inferior border of rib 12 and first 4 lumbar vertebrae |
acting together, pull 12th ribs inferiorly during forced exhalation; fix 12th ribs to prevent their elevation during deep inhalation, help extend lumbar portion of column, acting singly, laterally flex vertebral colums, especially lumbar portion |
thoracic spinal nerve T12, and lumbar spinal nerves L1-L3or L4 |
| Latissimus dorsi |
spines of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, crests of sacrum and ilium, inferior 4 ribs |
intertubercular sulcus of humerus |
extends adducts, and medially rotates arm at shoulder, draws arm inferiorly and posteriorly |
thoracodorsal |
| levator scapula |
superior 4 or 5 cervical vertebrae |
superior vertebral border of scapula |
elevates scapula and rotates it downward |
dorsal scapular nerve and cervical spinal nerves C3-C5 |
| subclavius |
first rib |
clavicle |
depresses and moves clavicle anteriorly and helps stabilize pectoral girdle |
subclavian nerve |
| serratus anterior |
superior 8 or 9 ribs |
vertebral border and inferior angle of scapula |
ABDUCTS scapula and rotates it upward, elevates ribs when scapula is stable, "boxer's muscle" |
long thoracic nerve |
| pectoralis major |
clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 2-6 |
greater tubercle and lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of humerus |
as a whole, adducts and medially rotates arm at shoulder, clavicular head also extends the flexed arm to side of trunk |
medial and lateral pectoral nerves |
| pectoralis minor |
ribs 2-5, 3-5, or 2-4 |
coracoid process of scapula |
ABDUCTS scapula and rotates it downward, elevates ribs during forced inhalation when scapula is fixed |
medial pectoral nerve |
| diaphragm |
xiphoid process of sternum, costal cartilages inferior 6 ribs, lumbar vertevrae and their discs, and rib 12 |
central tendon |
contraction causes it to flatten and increase the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity, resulting in inhalation; relaxation causes it to move superiorly and decreas dimension, result is exhalation |
phrenic nerve |
| biceps femoris |
long head: ischial tuberosity, short head linea aspera of femur |
head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia |
flexes leg at knee, and extends thigh at hip |
tibial and common peroneal nerves from the sciatic nerve |
| semitendinosus |
ischial tuberosity |
poximal part of medial surface of tibia |
flexes leg at knee and extends thigh at hip |
tibial |
| semimembranosus |
ischial tuberosity |
medial condyle of tibia |
flexes leg at knee and extends thigh at hip |
tibial |
| gastrocnemius |
medial and lateral condules and posterior surface of femur, capsule of knee joint |
calcaneus via calcaneal tendon |
plantar flexion and inversion of foot |
tibial nerve and S1, S2 |
| soleus |
head of fibula and medial border of tibia |
calcaneus via calcaneal tendon |
plantar flexion and inversion of the foot |
tibial nerve and S1, S2 |
| vastus lateralis |
greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur |
patella via quadraceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity viz patellar ligament |
extend leg at knee |
femoral |
| vastus medialis |
linea aspera of femus |
patella via quadraceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity viz patellar ligament |
extend leg at knee |
femoral |
| vastus intermedius |
anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur |
patella via quadraceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity viz patellar ligament |
extend leg at knee |
femoral |
| sartorius |
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine |
medial surface of body of tibia |
flexes leg at knee, flexes, ABDUCTS, laterally rotates thigh at hip |
femoral |
| Psoas major |
transverse processes and bodies of lumbar vertebrae |
with iliacus to lesser trochanter of femur |
together w/iliacus flex thigh at hip, rotate thigh laterally, flex trunk as in sitting from lying down position |
spinal nerves L2, L3 |
| piriformis |
anterior sacrum |
superior greater trochanter of femur |
ABDUCTS leg at hip, laterally rotates thigh |
sacral spinal nerves S1, S2 |
| tensor fasciae latae |
iliac crest |
tibia via iliotibial tract |
flexes and ABDUCTS thigh at hip |
superior gluteal |
| tibialis anterior |
lateral condyle, and body of tibia, interosseous membrane |
first metatarsal and first cuneiform |
dorsiflexes and inverts foot |
deep peroneal (fibular) |
| fibularis brevis |
body of fibula |
base of 5th metatarsal |
plantar flexes and everts foot |
superficial peroneal nerve |
| occipitofrontalis |
epicranial aponeurosis |
skin superior ot supraorbital margin |
draws scalp anteriorly, raises eyebrows, and wrinkles skin of forehead horizontally as in a look of surprise |
facial nerve VII |
| masseter |
maxilla and zygomatic arch |
angle and ramus of mandible |
elevates mandible, as in closing mouth |
mandibular division of trigeminal nerve V |
| temporalis |
temporal bone |
coronoid process and ramus of mandible |
eleates and retracts mandible |
mandibular division of trigeminal nerve V |
| platysma |
fascia over deltoid and pectoralis major muscle |
mandible, muscle around angle of mouth, skin of lower face |
draws outer part of lower lip inferiorly and posteriorly as in pouting, depresses mandible |
facial nerve VII |
| sternocleidomastoid (SCM) |
sternum and clavicle |
mastoid process of temporal bone |
acting together, flex cervical portion of vertebral colum, flex head, and elevate sternum during forced inhalation; singly, laterall extend and rotate head to side opposite contracting muscle |
accessory nerve XI |
