Mycology Test 2
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| What are the six types of human mycoses | yeast, superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous, systemic, and oportunistic
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| What do superficial mycoses normally affect | epidermis or hair
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| What is the difference between a superficial mycoses and cutaneous mycoses? | Superficial has no host response, where as a Cutaneous has a host response
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| What is the name for colonies on the hair shaft that kind of look like the nits of head lice? | Piedra
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| What does piedra mean | stone
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| What does tinea nigra usally affect | palms of hands
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| What does white piedra normally affect | hair
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| What kind of mold is white piedra | hyaline mold
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| what kind of mold is black piedra | demateacious-or pigmented
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| What does black piedra affect | hair
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| What does pityriasis versicolor normally affect | epidermis of torso
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| What is the etiological agent of pityriasis versicolor | Malassezia furfur
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| Pityriasis versicolor is known to be lipid loving. What is another name for lipid loving | Lipophilic
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| Where does Pityriasis versicolor come from | Normal flora-endogenous source
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| Is pityriasis versicolor communicable | No
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| What is unique about pityriasis versicolor lessions | they fluoresce under a wood's lamp (360 nm)
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| What is another name for pityriasis versicolor | folliculitis
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| What does versicolor mean | multicolored
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| What does furfur mean | furfuratious-or flaky
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| This mycoses is characterized by variously pigmented, patchy, mascular lesions, usually upper torso, abdomen, upper arms, shoulders, and neck | Pityriasis Versicolor
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| What is the etiological agent of pityriasis Versicolor | malassezia Furfur
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| What does malassezia furfur cause | pityriasis versicolor
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| Is pityriasis versicolor inflammatory? | No
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| How can pityriasis versicolor be diagnosed | skin scraping then KOH mount
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| What would one see on a KOH mount of pityriasis versicolor | small hyphae, yeast, that kind of looks like spaghetti and meatballs
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| What is another name for cutaneous mycoses | dermatomycoses
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| Tinea normally refers to what | dermatocytes
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| What is the street name for several tinea | ringworm
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| What is the etiological agent of a cutaneous mycoses affecting just the skin and hair | microsporum
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| What does keratinophilic mean | loves keratin
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| What are sources of keratin in the body | skin hair and nails
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| What is the etiological agent of a cutaneous mycoses affecting just the skin and nails | epidermophyton
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| what is the etiological agent of a cutaneous mycoses affecting skin, hair, and nails | trichophyton
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| what doe cutaneous mycoses normally affect | skin, hair, nails
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| What can you expect to see with a cutaneous skin mycoses | variable clinical picture, slow development
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| What can you expect to see with a cutaneous hair mycoses | endothrix and ectothrix, easily broken off
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| What does endothrix mean | inside the follicle
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| What does exothrix mean | outside of the follicle
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| What can you expect to see with a cutaneous nail mycoses | discolored and misshapped nails
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| What does tinea capitis affect/mean | head and scalp
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| What does tinea corporus affect/mean | body, usually chest and upper arms
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| what does tinea cruris affect | groin
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| what does tinea pedis affect | feet
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| what does tinea magnum affect | hands
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| what does tinea unguium affect | nails
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| What is another name for a fungal infection of the nails | onychomycosis
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| What does tinea mean | dermatophyte
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| Dermatophytes are normally indicate | cutaneous mycoses
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| What will you see with a direct examination of a dermatomycoses | KOH-septate hyphae
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| What kind of culture media can be used to culture dermatomycoses | routine fungal media, DTM (dermatophyte test medium)
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| What is the therapy for dermatomycoses | topical antifunglas or griseofulvin (oral)
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| What is fulvicin normally used for | dermatophytes
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| what is another name for griseofulvin | fulvicin
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| What indicator is found in DTM | phenole red
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| Why does the phenol red indicator in DTM turn red when identifying dermatophytes | dermatophytes produce bases
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| DTM is used as what | a presumptive id of dermatophytes
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| When culturing a dermatophyte what should you always do with the plate | turn it over and look at the mycelium
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| Lamacil is used to treat what | nail infections
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| How long is it suggested to use lamisil | 6-8 weeks
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| what is an adverse side effect of lamacil | liver damage
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| this ddermatophyte has macroconidium fusiform, rugged exterior, and may have microconidium | Microsporum
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| This dermatophyte has no microconidium, and clubshaped macroconidium | epidermaphyon
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| this is the most common cause of nail infections | trichophyton
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| What is the invitro hair perforation test used for | identification of trichophyton
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| trichophyton rubrum is | ure 0
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| trichophyton mentagrophytes is | ure+
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| What is the common name of sporotrichosis | horticulturists or rose gardener's disease
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| Who is normally at risk for sporotrichosis | farmers, laborers, gardeners, and horticulturalist
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| what the etiological agen of sporotrichosis | sporothrix schenckii
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| Where can you find the saprobic form of sporothrix schenckii | soil, plants, moist wood
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| sporothrix schenckii is what kind of fungi | dimorphic
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| What are two disease states of sporotrichosis | lymphocutaneous and pulmonary
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| What is the mean by lymphocutaneous | subcutaneous nodules which disseminate alon lymphatic dranage
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| What is meant by pulmonary when in reference to sporotrichosis | chronic cavtary with lymphodenopathy
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| What form does sporotrichosis take in vivo | yeast
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| What will you see on a KOH of a sphorothrix schenkii culture | daisy clusters and as it ages microconidium every
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| What are two treatment options of lymphocutaneous due to sporotrichosis | DOC (itraconizole) or potassium iodide
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| What is another name for Itraconizole | sporonox
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| What is the treatment for a pulmonary sporotrichosis infection | lobectomy, amphotericin B
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| Ampnotericin B is used for | systemic, last ditch antifungal
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| In mexico this infection broke out after a brick fight, as well as in african gold miens due to timbers used in the minds | sporotrichosis
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| What is another name for mycetoma | maduromycosis
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| What does tumefaction mean | swelling
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| what kind of infection would you expect to see chronic, suppurative, granulomatous infection with tumefaction, abscess formation and draining sinuses | mycetoma/maduromycosis
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| How can one acquire mycetoma | implantation of fungus into skin
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| where do lesions due to mycetoma normally occur | feet, hands, shoulders, buttocks, back and scalp
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| What is a common name of mycetoma | madurofoot
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| Where are mycetoma/maduromycosis found in the environment | soil
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| where can maduromycosis disseminate to | bones and bone marrow
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| what does mycetoma mean | fungus tumor
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| where does maduromycosis most commonly infect | the foot
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| What is the sinus discharge that exudates from a mycetoma contain | granules that are microcolonies of etiological agent
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| Atenimycotic mycetoma is caused by | bacteria
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| the true fungal agent for mycetoma/maduromycosis is | eumycota mycetoma
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| What is the etiological agent of a bacterial mycetoma | norcardia brazillences
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| Chronic granulomatous characterized by verrucous cutaneous nodules, ultimately forming papillomatous vegetations is characteristic of what mycoses | chromoblastomycosis
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| Phialophora verrucosa, fonsecaea pedrosoi, fonsecaea compacta, and chlodosporium carrioni are all related to what mycoses | chromoblastomycosis
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| How is chromoblastomycosis contracted | implantation into skin
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| what does verruca mean | wart
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| most chromoblastomycosis fungi are what type of pigment | demateaceous
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| Where are chromoblastomycosis infections most common | subtropical and tropical locales espeically in the americas
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| In vivo, what is brown rounded, thick walled septate cells 4-12 micrometers, aka sclerotic or medlar bodies characteristic of | chromoblastomycosis
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| What mycoses is characterized by localized abscess or pyogranuloma, lack the intense hyperplasia seen in chromoblastomycosis | Phaeohyphomycosis
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| How is phaeohyphomycosis contracted | via implantationinto skin
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| What is the etiological agents for phaeohyphomycosis | exophiala and phialophora
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| This type of fungi have colonies that are typically velvet in texture, low dense mycelium, and are often colored gray, dar olive, brown or black | dematiaceous
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| Most systemic mycoses present as what kind of infection | pulmonary infection
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| systemic mycoses are normally limited to a | restricted geographic area
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| systemic mycoses can infect | normal hosts
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| most systemic mycoses are what kind of fungi | dimorphic
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| why do most systemic mycoses present as a pulmonary infection | conidia is inhaled from the saprobic form
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| Are systemic mycoses communicable | no
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| What is another name for north american blastomycosis | gilchrist disease
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| what is the etiological agent for north american blastomycosis | blastomyces dermatiditis
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| what is the etiological agent for gilchrist disease | blastomyces dermatiditis
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| What is the saprobic form of blastomyces dermatiditis | mould/microconidia
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| what is the parasitic form of blastomyces dermatiditis | large yeast/broad basted blastoconidia
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| what does blastomyces dermatitiditis cause | north american blastomycosis
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| This mycoses presents ad a pulmonary disease with fever, chills, productive cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, it disseminates to skin, subcutaneous, bone, kidneys and the central nervous system | North american blastomycosis
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| What animals is blastomycosis common in | dogs and beavers
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| An infection of in which in 25% of people yeast can be seen in urine is | North American blastomycosis
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| What fungi is known to have large yeast with broad based blastoconidia, which can be diagnostic with a KOH mount | blastomyces dermitiditis
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| A room temperature culture, yields a mould with microconidia borne singly on short conidiophores is indicative of | blastomyces dermatitidis
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| What is another name for histoplasmosis | darling's disease
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| What is the etiological agent for histoplasmosis | histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum
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| What is the etiological agen of darling's disease | histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum
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| What is seen in the saprobic form of histoplasmosis | mould/microconidia and macroconidia
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| Where is histoplasmosis normally found | birds (starlings) and bat guano
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| What is the parasitic form of histoplasmosis | very small yeast
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| This mycoses presents as a pulmonary infection with a cough and dyspnea and as it disseminates it moves into the reticuloendothelial system, lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver, spleen rarely skin , bone, or central nervous system | histoplasmosis
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| A patient presents with small intracellular yeast seen within leukocytes what etiological agent would you be thinking about | histoplasma capsulatum
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| When was the last "outbreak" of histoplasmosis and under what circumstances | 1978 hot springs arkansas during the renovation of a courthouse
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| A room temperature culture presents with a mould with microconidia and tuberculate macroconidia with thick wall and finger like projections what would you expect the etiological agent to be | histoplasma capsulatum
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| What is double gel diffusion assa used for | fungal antibody detection
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| what is another name for the double gel diffusion | ouchterlony
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| When is the M band seen | past, earlier or chronic infection
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| When is the h band seen | during an active infection
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| where is the h band located | nearest the patient serum
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| What is the etiological agent of african histoplasmosis | histoplasma capsulatum var duboisii
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| What is the difference in african histoplasmosis and american | the parasitic yeast in african histoplasmosis is broad isthmis to blastoconidia
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| Where does histoplasma capsulatum var duboisii normally occur | tropical areas of africa
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| What is typically the course of african histoplasmosis | progressive and fatal
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| What is the common name of african histoplasmosis | dessert rheumatism
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| coccidioles immitis and coccidoides posadasii are the etiological agents of what mycoses | coccidiodomycosis
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| What is another name for coccidiodoycosis | valley fever
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| valley fever is clinically called what | coccidiodomycosis
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| what are the etiological agents of valley fever | coccidioides immitis and coccidioides posadasii
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| what is the saprobic form of coccidioidomycosis | mould/arthroconidia
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| what is the parasitic form of coccidioidomycosis | spherule/endospores
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| what mycoses presents as a pulmonary infection with fever, chest pain, and cough and then disseminates to skin and subcutaneous bone and joints, viscerol organs and central nervous system | coccidioidmycoses
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| Which mycoses is the only notifiable in the USA | coccidioidomycosis
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| Where do most cases of coccidioidomycosis occur in the US | Arizona and California
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| Even though coccidioidomycosis does not form yeast in vivo it is still considered a | dimorphic fungi
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| a room temperature culture produces barrel-shapped arthroconidia connected by thin walled segments what fungi are you looking at | coccidioides immitis
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| in vivo you receive a tissue sample inwhich you see a spherule with endospores what are youw orking with | coccidioides immitis
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| What can the exoantigen test be used for | fungal identification
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| What is the clinical name for south american blastomycosis | paracoccidioidomycosis
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| What is the etiological agent for south american blastomycosis | paracoccidioides braziliensis
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| what mycoses presents with a pulmonary disease followed by lymphadenopathy, graulomas in skin and mucous membranes such as oral, nasal, and pharyngeal, papules which ulcerate, can be chronic and is often fatal | paracoccidioidomycosis
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| paracoccidioide braziliensis is the etiological agent for what mycoses | paracoccidioidomycosis
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| Where is paracoccidioidomycosis endemic | brazil
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| the saprobic mould is non distinctive, however the parasitic yeast has multiple blastoconidia, kind of looking like a shipwheel what are you looking at | paracoccidioidomycosis
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| What is the saprobic type of aspergilliosis | aspergilloma or fungusball
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| what is the invasive type of aspergillosis | acute or chronic pulmonary infection which may disseminate
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| mucormycosis demonstrates what type of infection | acute, generalized infection with vascular thrombosis
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| geotrichosis demonstrates what kind of infection | bronchitis
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| What kind of morphology would you expect to see with aspergillus species | septate hyphae with acute angle branching
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| What are the most common general of the zygomycetes | rhizopus, mucor, absidia, rhizomucor
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| What is the most common order in the zygomycetes that we deal with | mucorales
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| What can be expected of a mucormycosis | rhinocerebral mucormycosis
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| another name for mucormycosis | zygomycosis
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| What are four basic characteristics of zygomycetes | rapid growth, wide ribbon-like aseptate hyphae, sporangia with sporangiospores, and stolons with or without rhizoids
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| what is fusarium species notable for | keratitis and cd destruction
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