WVSOM, Physiology, Dr. Hamra, 2011
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| Extracellular Water | 20% of Body Weight
Interstitial Water + Plasma Water
14 Liters
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| Interstitial Water | 15% of Body Weight
10.5 Liters
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| Intacellular Water | 49% of Body Weight
28 Liters
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| Plasma Water | 5% of Body Weight
3.5 Liters
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| Blood Volume | Total Blood Volume = 5.5 Liters
The plasma portion = 3 to 3.5 Liters
The remainder=RBCs, WBCs,and Platelets
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| Formula for Concentration | Concentration=Mass/Volume
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| Formula for Volume | Volume=Mass/Concentration
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| Formula for Volume Distribution | Volume Distribution=
(Mass Injected-Mass Lost)/Plasma Concentration
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| Name 3 indicators for Total Body Water | 1. Antipyrine
2. Heavy Water D2O
3.Tritiated Water (DTO)
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| Name 2 indicators for Plasma Water | 1. Evans Blue
2. Iodinated Albumin
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| Formula for Intracellular Fluid Volume | Intracellular Fluid Volume=Total Body Water-Extracellular Water
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| Name the indicators for Extracellular Water | Impermeate Ions=radioactive Na+,Cl-,Sulfate, SO4--,Thiocyanate,Thiosulfate
Inert Sugars=inulin,mannitol,sucrose
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| Formula for interstitial water volume | Interstitial water volume=Extracellular Water-Plasma Water
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| Formula for Total Body Water | Total Body Water=Intracellular water=Extracellular Water
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| Formula for Extracllular Water | Extracellular Water=Interstitial Water+Plasma Water
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| Define Osmolality | Osmolality=the number of osmotically active particles in a solution
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| Name the principle electrolyte in the intracellular compartment | K+ at 120mM
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| Name the principle electrolyte in the extracellular compartment | Na+ at 142mM
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| What is the osmolality of an isotonic/isoosmolal solution? | 290mOsm
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| What is the osmolality of a hypertonic/hyperosomolal solution? | >290mOsm
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| What is the osmolality of a hypotonic/hyperosmolal solution? | <290mOsm
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| By convention, the terms "Volume Expansion" and "Volume Contraction" always refer to ___________________? | Extracellular Water
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| A 145mM NaCl solution is considered isotonic because __________________? | 145mM NaCl solution contributes two (Na+ and Cl-)osmotically active particles. 145Na+ + 145Cl-= 290
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| True or False, Na+ freely crosses the cell membrane. | False, this is why hyperosmotic volume expansion of the extracellular space occurs.
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| Diarrhea results in _____-osmotic volume __________? | Iso-osmotic
Volume Contraction
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| Infusion of Isotonic NaCl results in ____-osmotic volume _________? | Iso-osmotic
Volume Expansion
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| High NaCl intake results in___-osmotic volume_________? | Hyperosmotic
Volume Expansion
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| Water Deprivation results in ____-osmotic volume___________? | Hyperosmotic
Volume Contraction
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| Adrenal Insufficiency (not enough aldosterone, causing loss of Na+ and water, but more Na=than water) results in ___-osmotic volume______? | Hyperosmotic
Volume Contraction
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| Fever, Sweating, and Diabetes Incipidus (too little ADH) results in ____-osmotice volume __________? | Hyperosmotic
Volume Contraction
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| Protein Concentration increases or decreases with volume contraction? | Increases
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| Protein Concentration increases or decreases with volume expansion? | Decreases
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| Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (AKA:SIASH)causing too much ADH results in ___-osmotic volume_____? | Hypoosmotic
Volume expansion
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| What is the body's short term adjustment mechanism to blood pressure changes? | Modulation of the autonomic nervous system output to heart and blood vessels
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| What are the body's intermediate and long-term adjustment mechanisms to blood pressure changes? | Regulation of whole-body Na+ content via the kidneys.
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| The body's four response systems work to increase or decrease Na+ excretion in response to greater blood volume? | Increase Excretion
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| Increased osmolality results in _______ secretion of ADH, and ______ thirst? | Increased ADH secretion, and increased thirst.
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| Low blood volume causes increased or decreased RAAS activity? | Increased RAAS Activity
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| Low blood volume causes increased or decreased sympathetic outflow? | Increased Sympathetic Outflow
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| Low blood volume causes increased or decreased Arginine, Vasopressin, and ADH secretion? | Increased secretion
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| Low blood volume causes increased or decreased Arial Natriuretic Peptide secretion? | Decreased ANP, which stops the dumping of Na+ into the urine.
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