DS 412 TEST 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| X-bar | Average, use past if offered bc already in control
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| R-bar | Range, use past if offered bc already in control (less accurate as sample size gets larger)
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| UCLx | (X-bar2) + A2*R-bar (for x-bar chart)
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| LCLx | (X-bar2) - A2*R-bar (for x-bar chart)
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| UCLR | D4*R-bar (for R-bar chart)
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| LCLR | D3*R-bar (for R-bar chart)
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| A2 | on table dependent on sample, used in X-bar & R-bar chart
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| n | sample *do not confuse with sample size larger then 10
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| D3 & D4 | used with R-bar chart, on table
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| Out of Control/Causal | past UCL/LCL, run, extreme jump/drop
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| σ | standard deviation
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| σx | σ/√n
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| Z | normal deviate (# of standard dev from average) or tolerance; closer to 6 (six sigma) more accurate. 2 if not really important, 3-life threatening/small difference is important
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| UCLx using σx | x-bar2 + Z*σx
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| LCLx using σx | x-bar2 - Z*σx
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| σp | √ p-bar (1-Pbar)/n
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| P-bar | # defects/#observations
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| UCLp | P-bar + Z*σp
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| LCLp | P-bar - Z*σp
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| Process Capability Index (Cpk) | use when target & x-bar not close
MIN of
[x-bar-Lower spec/3σ,Upper-x-bar/3σ
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| Process Capability Ratio (Cp) | Upp-Low Spec/6σ
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| Capable? | if not below 1.33
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| Variable | MEASURED/quantitative (weight, length, volume, time)*not used if specifications are complex/costly/difficult/unnecessary
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| Attribute | COUNTED/Qualitative (Yes/No) color,taste,smell,surface texture
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| Non-destructive sampling | 100% sampling,if easy/not expensive ie software test comp speed
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| Destructive Sampling | costly, can't be reused
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| In Control (random) | 1. No sample points outside limits
2. Most pts near process avg
3. Approx equal # pts above&below center
4. Randomly distributed around center
5. No extreme jumps
6. Cannot detect trend
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| Average σ = Average R (when...) | n=2
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| Type I error | Probability of searching for a cause when none exists
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| Type II error | Probability of concluding that nothing has changed
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| Errors controlled by... | Choice of control limits
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| +/- 1σ | 68.26% normal distribution
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| +/- 2σ | 95.44% normal distribution
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| +/- 3σ | 99.97% normal distribution
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
victoriaoharra
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