Med Law Final Exam
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| Stereotyping | occurs when negative generalities concerning specific characteristics about a group are applied unfairly to an entire population
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| Bias | unfair dislike or preference against someone can prevent a healthcare professional from making an impartial judgement.
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| Ethnocentric | tend to believe that their cultural background is better than any other.
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| Autonomy | independence for their beliefs
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| Employment-at-Will Concept | Employment takes place at will of either employer or employee Employment may be terminated at will at any time for no reason Employee may quit at any time
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| Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 | Prohibits discrimination, or unfair treatment based on race, color, religion, gender, or national origin Sexual harassment
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| Equal Employment Opportunity Act (EEOA) of 1972 | Authorizes suits on behalf of persons whose Title VII rights(Civil rights act of 1964) are violated
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| Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 | Employers must treat pregnant women as they would any other employee, providing pregnancy does not hinder job performance Employer cannot force woman to quit her job because she is pregnant
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| Civil Rights Act of 1991 | Permits court to award both compensatory damages (for loss of income or emotional pain and suffering) and punitive damages (to punish the defendant and deter others from practicing discrimination)
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| Age Discrimination Act of 1967 | Protects persons 40 and older against discrimination Applies to employers with 20 or more employees
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| Rehabilitation Act of 1973 | Prohibits discrimination based on disability in institutions that receive federal financial assistance
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| Americans with Disabilities Act(ADA) of 1990 | Prohibits employers who have more than 15 employees from discriminating against individual with disability Employer must make reasonable accommodations (AIDS patients also protected)
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| Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970 | Employer required by law to provide safe and healthy work environment Must protect worker against hazards Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens Standards (urine, blood, saliva etc)
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| Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) Act of 1973 | Requires company with 25 or more employees to provide HMO alternative to regular group insurance if HMO is available in area Under HMO, patient has limited choice of doctors
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| Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 | Employers contracting to provide goods or service to the federal government must certify that they maintain a drug-free workplace
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| National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) of 1935 | Gives employees right to form and join unions, to bargain collectively, and to strike for better benefits and working conditions Purpose of law is to protect employees
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| Antitrust Laws | Seeks to preserve the private competitive market system by prohibiting activities that are anticompetitive
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| Bankruptcy | When unable to pay debts, may file for bankruptcy Provides some protection to debtors Establishes fair method for distribution of debtor’s assets to all creditors
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| Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1994 | Allows mother and father to take leave of absence of up to 12 weeks in 12-month period when a baby is born Job or equivalent position must be available when employee returns to work
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| Worker’s Compensation Act | Protects workers and families from financial problems resulting from employment-related injury, disease, or death Employers pay into a fund to help cover costs when employee has work-related injury or disease
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| Unemployment Compensation | Employers pay taxes into state compensation plan Covers employees unable to work through no fault of their own (laid off)
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| Equal Pay Act of 1963 | Illegal for employer to discriminate on basis of gender if performing same job
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| Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938 | Main statute regulating employee benefits Establishes minimum wage, requires pay for overtime, sets maximum hours employees can work
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| Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 | Employers contracting to provide goods or service to the federal government must certify that they maintain a drug-free workplace
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| Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) Act of 1973 | Requires company with 25 or more employees to provide HMO alternative to regular group insurance if HMO is available in area Under HMO, patient has limited choice of doctors
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| Public Health Records and Vital Statistics are used for: | population trends and needs
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| public health officer holds inquest if death from unknown or violent cause | coroner
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| physician who investigates unexplained deaths and can perform autopsy | Medical examiner
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| examination after death to determine cause of death | autopsy
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| Diseases transmitted from one person to another | communicable
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| Includes physical abuse, neglect, exploitation, abandonment, and financial abuse of adults 60 and older | Elder Abuse
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| Signs of Abuse | Repeated injuries Bruises and unexplained swelling Unexplained fractures Bite marks Unusual marks Bruising or swelling in genital area
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| Only those with a______may issue prescriptions for narcotics | DEA number
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| Adopted by professional organizations Summarize basic principles and behavior expected by all in that discipline Meant to govern conduct of members of given profession | Code of ethics
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| Provides guidance for many of the dilemmas regarding right and wrong that medical assistants face on an almost daily basis | AAMA
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| Issues resulting from advances in medical technology | Bioethics
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| Code discusses nurses’ obligation to protect privacy, respect dignity of patient, maintain competence, and assume responsibility | American Nurses Association (ANA)
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| Examples of Bioethics | cloning, harvesting embryos, and in-vitro fertilization
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| Legal entity in United States Responsible for allocating organs for transplant | United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS)
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| Publicly reporting a dangerous situation that is occuring in an institution or organization | Whistle blowing
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| Neither experimenter nor patient knows who is getting research treatment | double-blind test
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| the Human Genome Project is a research program by federal government Its purpose is to determine or “map” and sequence total number of genes | Human Genome Project
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| Genetic Engineering includes: | Cloning Gene therapy Human stem cell research
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| Needed gene spliced onto DNA of body cells to control production of particular substance Still in its infancy | Gene therapy
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| These specialized cells can grow into any cell or tissue in the body | Stem cells
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| injection of seminal fluid into vagina from husband or donor is known as: | Artificial insemination
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| Ovum and sperm cells combined outside woman’s body Cells grown in laboratory and later implanted into woman’s uterus | In-vitro fertilization
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| Drugs enhance ability to become pregnant Increases woman’s chance of having multiple births | Fertility Drugs
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| union of male sperm and female ovum | conception
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| Medically altering reproductive organs to terminate ability to produce offspring (Vasectomy/Bilateral tubal ligation) | Sterilization
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| Becoming most popular method of birth control in the United States | Volunatary Sterilization
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| Prevents ovulation or implantation of fertilized egg if taken with 72 hours No prescription required if ≥ 18 years-old | Plan B (morning after pill)
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| This type of abortion occurs naturally without any interference (miscarriage) | Sppontanous abortion
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| caused by artificial means (medications or surgical procedure) | Induced abortion
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| All newborns are required to be screened for this genetic disease because mental retardation is preventable if diet is started early | PKU (Phenylketonuria)
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