Endocrine System
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| Diabetes Mellitus | Disorder of pancreas where there is failure to produce an adequate amount of insulin classic characteristic is high blood sugar (hyperglycemia)type 1 insulin depensent
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| Ketones | waste products released by breaking down fats and proteins
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| glycosuria | sugar in urine
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| polydipsia | excessive thirst
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| polyuria | excessive urine output
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| polyphagia | increased eating
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| pruritis | itching
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| Bolus dose | greatest amount of insulin during greatest need 4 daily Novalog-fast acting and lantus long acting
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| basal dose | once daily provides steady control of blood sugar level throughout day and night
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| insulin pump | small mechanical device about the size of a pager worn on body administers 24 hrs a day
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| basal rate | amount of insulin/hour X 24 hours a day
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| Diabetes Mellitus | Disorder of pancreas where there is failure to produce an adequate amount of insulin classic characteristic is high blood sugar (hyperglycemia)type 1 insulin depensent
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| Ketones | waste products released by breaking down fats and proteins
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| glycosuria | sugar in urine
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| polydipsia | excessive thirst
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| polyuria | excessive urine output
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| polyphagia | increased eating
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| pruritis | itching
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| Bolus dose | greatest amount of insulin during greatest need 4 daily Novalog-fast acting and lantus long acting
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| basal dose | once daily provides steady control of blood sugar level throughout day and night
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| insulin pump | small mechanical device about the size of a pager worn on body administers 24 hrs a day
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| basal rate | amount of insulin/hour X 24 hours a day
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| glycohemoglobin | test that determines overall effectiveness of plan for blood glucose control average glucose levels for 3 months
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| insulin shock | drastic dorp in blood sugar level
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| diabetic retinopathy | leading cause of blindness capillaries of retina experience localized areas of bulging(microaneurysms), hemorrhages,leakage,scarring
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| Diabetiv neuropathy | involvement of nervous system
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| pancreatic cancer | life threatening primary malignant neoplasm found in the heas of the pancreas
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| chronic pancreatitis | permanent, progressive destruction of pancreatic cells
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| fasting blood sugar | blood glucose sample taken usually early in the morning after the patient had been without food or drink since midnight
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| glucose tolerance test | evaluates person's ability to tolerate a concentrated oral glucose by measuring glucose levels
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| hemoglobin A1c test( HgbA1c) | blood test that shows average level of glucose in blood during the past 3 months
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| radioactive iodine uptake test | evaluates function of thyroid by administering a known amount of radioactive iodine and later placing a gama ray detector over the thyroid gland to determine absorption by the gland increased uptake of iodine
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| serum glucose tes | measures amount of glucose in blood at time sample was drawn
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| thyroid Echogram | ultrasound examination of thyroid to disinguish thyroid nodules from cystic nodules
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| thyroid Function test | test that measures blood levels of thyroid hormones
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| thyroid scan | examination that determines position,size,shape, and physiological function of thyroid gland
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| hot | functioning
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| cold | nonfunctioning
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| thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) blood test | measures concentration of TSH in the blood
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| Endocrine System | Network of ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into blood stream not ducts like a sweat or oil gland
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| Infundibulum | stalk like projection that connects pituitary gland to hypothalamus
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| Growth hormone(somatotropic STH) | regulates growth
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| Adenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) | stimulates normal growth and development of adrenal cortex and secretes corticosteroids- cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone
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| Thyroid | Stimulating hormone(TSH)- normal growth and development of thyroid and secretes thyroid hormones
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| Lactogenic hormone(LTH)(prolactin) | development of breasts during pregnancy secretion of milk
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| Follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) | secretion of estrogen and production of eggs in female and sperm in male
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| Luteinizing hormone(LH) | ovulation and secretion of testosterone in male
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| Melanocyte | stimulating hormone(MSH)- controls intensity of pigmentation
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| Antidieuretic hormone(ADH)(vasopressin) | decreases excretion of large amounts of urine from body maintain water balance
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| Oxytocin-(OT) | contractions of uterus during child birth and releases milk from breast feeding women
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| Pineal gland | tiny pine cone shaped gland- secretes melatonin part of support of biological clock
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| Isthmus | narrow island shaped piece that connects thyroid across front of trachea
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| Triiodothyronine(T3) | growth and development, metabolism,body temp
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| Thyroxine(T4)- | Thyroxine(T4)-
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| Calcitonin | regulates level of calcium in blood
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| Hypocalcemia | calcium levels too low
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| Hypercalcemia | calcium levels too high
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| Thymus | single gland located mediastinum large in fetus and infants shrinks with age increase secretes hormones into blood stream role in development of immune system secrete Thymosin thymopoitin
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| Thymosin | stimulate production of T-cells for immunity
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| Thymopoietin | produces T-cells
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| Mineralocorticoids | regulates hoe mineral salts(electrolytes) are processed in body primary hoemone secreted is aldosterone aldosterone which regulates fluid and electrolyte balance
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| Glucocordicoids | metabolism of carbohydrates,fat,proteins,maintain normal blood pressure,anti inflammatory,increase glucose for skeletal muscles main 1 is cortisol
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| Gonadocorticoids | sex hormones released from adrenal cortex
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| Epinephrine(adrenaline) | increases heart rate, dilates bronchioles, decreases peristalsis or wavelike movement in intestines and raises blood sugar sympathomimetic agent- role in reaction to stress
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| Norepinephrine-(nonadrenaline)- | raises blood pressure also has role in reaction to stress
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| Glucagon | increases blood glucose levels converts
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| Insulin | secreted in response to increased levels of glucose
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| Ovaries | female sex glands or gonads almond shaped held in place by ligaments produce ova and release during ovulation normal female growth and development and pregnancy maintenance produce estrogen and progesterone
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| Fimbriated | fringed
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| Estrogen | maturation of egg and stimulates vascularixation of uterine lining each month to prepare for implantation of fertilized egg changes in body with onset of puberty
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| Progesterone | changes within uterus
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| Testes | male gonads or testicles- produce sperm, maturation of sperm, secrete androgens, produce testosterone which is responsible for changes in male with onset of puberty
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| Adrenocortical | pertaining to cortex of adrenal glands
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| Aldosterone | hormone secreted by adrenal cortex that regulates sodium and potassium balance in blood
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| Androgen | steroid hormone in males
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| Antidiuretic | suppression of urine production
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| Cortex | outer region of organ or structure
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| Cortisol | steroid hormone
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| Cretinism | congenital condition caused by lack of thyroid secretion- dwarfism, slowed mental development,puffy face, dry skin,large tongue
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| Dwarfism | abnormal underdevelopment of body under secretion of growth hormone
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| Endocrine gland | ductless glad that produces hormones that are secreted directly into blood stream
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| Euthroid | pertaining to normally functioning thyroid gland
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| Exocrine gland | gland that opens onto surface of skin
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| Exophthalmia | outward protrusion of eyeballs
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| Giantism | excessive size and height too much growth hormone
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| Glucogenesis | formation of glycagon from fatty acids and proteins
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| Glucose | simplest form of sugar
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| Glycogenesis | glucose to glycogen
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| Glycosuria | sugar in urine
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| Goiter | enlargement of thyroid due to excessive growth(hyperplasia)
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| Graves disease | hyperthyroidism
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| Hisutism | excessive hair in male distribution pattern
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| Hypergonadism | excessive activity of ovaries and testes hyperinsulism-too much insulin
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| Hyperkalemia | elevated blood potassium level
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| Hypernatremia | elevated blood sodium level
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| Hypokalemia | less than normal blood potassium level
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| Hypophysectomy | surgical removal of pituitary gland
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| Insulin shock | state of shock due to extremely low blood sugar
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| Medulla | internal part of structure or organ
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| Metabolism | sum of all physical and chemical processes of body
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| Myxedema | most severe form of hypothyroidism
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| Polyphagia | excessive eating
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| Polydipsia | excessive thirst
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| Progesterone | female hormone secreted by ovaries changes in endometrium
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| Somatotropic hormone | growth hormone
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| Syndrome | group of symptoms occuring together
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| T-cells | specialized lymphocytes involved in immune response
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| Tetany | severe cramping and twitching of muscles and sharp flexion of wrist and ankle joints
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| Virilism | masculine traits in female
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| Hashimoto’s thyroiditis | common form of hyperthyroidism
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| Thyrotoxicosis | acute sometimes fatal incident of over activity of the thyroid gland resulting in excessive secretion of thyroid hormone
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| Tetany | continual contraction of muscles
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| Addison’s disease | Addison’s disease
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| Conn’s disease(primary aldosteronism) | excessive amounts of aldosterone
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| Hypervolemia | increased volume of blood
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| Cushing’s syndrome | condition of adrenal gland in which cluster of symptoms occur as result of excessive amounts of cortisol
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| Pheochromocytoma | vascular tumor of adrenal medulla that produces extra epinephrine and
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| norepinephrine | leasing to hypertension and heart palpitations
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