PreAP English I Literary Terms/2011 fall semester exam
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| paradox | occurs when the elements of a statement contradict each other. Although the statement may appear illogical, impossible, or absurd, it turns out to have a coherent meaning that reveals a hidden truth
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| oxymoron | a form of paradox that combines a pair of opposite terms into a single unusual expression such as sweet sorrow, sanitary landfill, or cold fire
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| personification | a kind of metaphor that gives inanimate objects or abstract ideas human characteristics
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| imagery | the words or phrases a writer uses to represent persons, objects, actions, feelings, and ideas descriptively by appealing to the senses - sight, sound, smell, touch, taste
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| simile | comparison of two different things or ideas through the use of the words "like" or "as"
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| metaphor | comparison of two or more unlike things NOT using the words "like" or "as"
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| symbolism | the use of any object, person, place, or action that has both a meaning in itself and that stands for something larger than itself, such as a quality, attitude, belief, or value
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| verbal irony | saying one thing but meaning another
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| situational irony | when a situation turns out to be the opposite of what one would normally expect
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| dramatic irony | when the audience knows what is going to happen but the characters on stage or in the story do not
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| tone | the writer's or speaker's attitude toward a subject, character, or audience which is conveyed though the word choice
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| foreshadowing | use of hints or clues in a narrative to suggest future action
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| flashback | a scene that interrupts the action of a work to show a previous event
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| mood | the atmosphere or predominant emotion of a literary work as felt by the reader
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| plot | sequence of events or actions in a story, novel, play, or narrative poem
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| point of view | the perspective from which a story is told
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| suspense | quality of a literary piece that makes the reader uncertain or tense about the outcome of events
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| Setting | time and place in a literary work
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| characters | people or animals who take part in the action of a literary work
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| protagonist | the character with whom readers identify / the good guy
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| antagonist | the adversary / the bad guy
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| dynamic characters | they experience some change of personality or attitude as a results of the story's events
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| static characters | they do not experience change, but remain the same
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| characterization | the process of revealing the personality of a character in a story
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| climax | the point of the highest interest and greatest emotional involvement in a story; the turning point that determines the outcome of the story
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| conflict | the struggle between two opposing forces
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| internal conflict | a struggle that takes place within an individual; a moral dilemma
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| external conflict | a struggle against some outside force, such as another person, nature, society, or fate
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| dialogue | conversation between two or more characters
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| diction | style of speaking or writing as dependent upon choice of words
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| exposition | (in a play, novel, etc.) dialogue, description, etc., that gives the audience or reader the background of the characters and the present situation.
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| rising action | a related series of incidents in a literary plot that build toward the point of greatest interest.
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| Falling action | the part of a literary plot that occurs after the climax has been reached and the conflict has been resolved.
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| denouement | the resolution or conclusion to a story/play
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| internal conflict | in literature and drama, a struggle which takes place in the protagonist's mind and through which the character reaches a new understanding or dynamic change
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| external conflict | in literature, a struggle between the protagonist and another character against nature or some outside force
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| first person | when the narrator is the main character and tells the story
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| third person | when the narrator tells a story but is not a character in the story
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| thrid person omniscient | when the narrator tells the story and allows the reader to know what the characters are not only saying but thinking
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| omniscient | all-knowing
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| theme | the lesson learned from a story
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| figure of speech | any expressive use of language, as a metaphor, simile, personification, or antithesis, in which words are used in other than their literal sense, or in other than their ordinary locutions, in order to suggest a picture or image or for other special effect
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| hyperbole | an exaggeration
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| allusion | in literature, an implied or indirect reference to a person, event, or thing or to a part of another text.
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| connotation | the ideas, emotions, or associations a word suggests
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| denotation | the dictionary meaning of a word
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| denouement | the resolution to a story
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| idiom | an expression that means something different than its literal meaning
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| pun | a word or phrase that has a double meaning as intended by the writer; often the words sound the same but have different meanings
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