the central language mechanism and its disorders
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| perisylvian zone | broca's area, wernicke's area, supramarginal gyrus angular gyrus and arcuate fasciculus
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| thalamus | involved in naming and memory, primary language area. Massive fiber tracts connecting to brocas and wernickes
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| border zone | area just beyond broca's and wernicke's
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| aphasia | an impairment due to acquired and recent damage of the central nervous system, of the ability to comprehend and formulate language.
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| 4 classifications of aphasia | cortical/perisylvian, transcortical/border zone, subcortical aphasia, nonlocalized
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| cotical perisylvian | within the perisylvian area
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| transcortical | in the border zone, Three recognized: Motor, sensory and mixed aphasias
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| subcortical aphasia | below in thalamus
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| non-localized | the exact site of the lesion is unknown, anomia
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| types cortical aphasia | wernicke's, broca's, conduction, global
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| Wernickes Aphasia can be | sensory aphasia, fluent aphasia and receptive aphasia
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| paraphasic (wernicke's aphasia) | omission of parts of words, incorrect use of correct words, use of neologisms and substitution of incorrect phonemes for correct ones
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| logorrhea (wernicke's aphasia) | speech is fluent but excessive
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| press of speech (wernicke's aphasia) | urgency
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| empty speech (wernicke's aphasia) | lacks meaningful and substantive words
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| Symptons of Wernicke's aphasia | use of jargon, comprehension is poor, repetition is poor, reading is disturbed
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| Broca's aphasia is known as | motor aphasia, expressive aphasia, disfluent aphasia
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| symptons of broca's aphasia | decreased verbal output, nonfluent, repetition is always abnormal, naming objects is poor, oral reading is poor, writing is poor
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| Conduction Aphasia | comprhension and articulation are intact, spontaneous speech is better than repetition, conversational speech is fluent and paraphasic
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| conduction aphasia looks like | mild to moderate broca's aphasia
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| Global aphasia | associated with large lesion in the persylvian area. Left side blowout
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| severe impairment of both understanding and expression of language | global aphasia
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| spontaneous improvement of global aphasia | happens in 6 months if it happens
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| person is mute or or uses repetitive vocalizations | global aphasia is marked by...
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| transcortical motor aphasia | lesion is anterior or superior to broca's area, marked by dysfluency and effort in conversation
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| transcortical sensory aphasia | lesion is found deep to and posterior to Wernicke's area
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| fluent aphasia marked by paraphasias, reading comprehension, writing and naming are poor, symptoms are like those of Wernicke's aphasia except they can repeat | transcortical sensory aphasia
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| subcortical aphasia | left thalamic lesion, marked by verbal paraphasias and neologisms
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| reduced vocal volume, aspontaneity in oral expression and word finding deficits with frequent perseveration (get stuck) | subcortical aphasia
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| anomic aphasia | fluent but word finding difficulties (anonmia) occurs in dementia. can be stressed induced
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| progressive aphasia | adult onset degenerative language disorder, language deteriorates slowly over an extended period of time, anomia early sign
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| alexia | inability to comprehend the written or printed word
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| literal alexia | inability to recognize letters
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| verbal alexia | letters are recognized but words are not
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| pure alexia | reading disorder without a writing disorder
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| alexia without agraphia | loss of the ability ot read, retained ability to write, lesion is in the dominant parietal lobe
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| alexia with agraphia | total reading disorder with limited writing ability often two lesions
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| agraphia | inability to normally produce written language lesions are in the left frontal or parietal lobe
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| agnosia | disorder of recognition due to damage to cortical sensory association areas
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| visual agnosia | inability to recognize objects, colors and pictures
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| auditory agnosia | inability to comprehend speech and or nonspeech sounds
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| tactile agnosia | inability to recognize objects by touch
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| Broca's area | motor programming for articulation
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| motor strip | activation of muscles for articulation
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| arcuate fasiculus | transmission of linquistic information to anterior area from posterior areas
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| wernicke's area | comperhension of oral language, decodes question, encodes the answer
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| angular gyrus | association area that integrates visual auditory and tactile informations and carries out symbolic integration for reading
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| 39 | angular gyrus
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| 40 | supermarginal gyrus
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| supermarginal gyrus | symbolic integration for writing
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| corpus callosum | transmission of information between hemisphere
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| subcortical areas | thatlamus, limbic lobe, basal ganglia
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| middle cerebral artery | covers the whole perisylvian artery
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| myoneural | lower motor lesion
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| spastic paralysis | upper tract
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| flaccid paralysis | lower tract
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| too much tone | upper tract
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| not enough tone | lower tract
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| upperlesions | in tracts (corticobulbar or cortical spinal)
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| lower lesions | are in nerves
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| reflex arc | sensory information comes in, mortor information comes out
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| babinski | thumb on baby's foot, toes curl. no babinski normal for adults
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| upper motor neuron disorders | spastic paralysis, hypertonia, hyperefexia
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| clonus, babinski sign, little or no atrophy, no faciculations | upper motor neuron disorders
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| lower motor neuron disorders | flaccid paralysis, hyporeflexia, no clonus, no babinski
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| hypertonia, marked atrophy, fasciculations | lower motor neruon disorders
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| atrophy | diseningration of the muscle
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| fasiculations | little twitches when a muscle dies
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| stroke | upper motor lesion
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| ms | lower motor lesion
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Created by:
dbrinker