Female anatomy and Labor and Delivery
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| vernix caseosa | covers the skin of the newborn. It is thick, white, and cheesy. it protects their skin from amniotic fluid in the uterus.
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| meconium | thick, greenish-black, sticky substance. Contains mucus and bile and skin cells.
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| lochia | small amounts of blood, tissue, and fluid that flows from the endometrium of the uterus 1 week postpartum.
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| colostrum | thick, yellowish fluid (first milk) produced from the breast after deliver of baby.
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| luteinizing hormone | stimulates a single follicle each month to rupture and release its ovum. Ruptured follicle now known as corpus luteum secretes estradiol and progesterone.
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| progesterone | like estradiol, causes the endometrium to thicken.
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| chromosomes XX | female (female always distributes an X to the pair. The male determines the sex of the newborn. He distributes either an X or a Y.
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| chromosomes XY | male
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| Conception/pregnancy Days 1-4 | zygote
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| Conception/pregnancy After 4 days to 8 weeks | embryo
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| Conception/pregnancy After 8 weeks to birth | fetus
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| Conception/pregnancy After birth | infant (newborn)
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| amnion | a membrane sac that produces amniotic fluid. The embryo floats in there.
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| chorion | outer layer of cells that produce human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Later becomes the placenta. Provides nutrients and oxygen to the embryo.
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| Endometrium | innermost layer of the uterus. Thickens during the menstrual cycle. If ovum is not fertilized, the lining is shed during menstruation.
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| follicle stimulating hormone | stimulates a follicle in the ovary to enlarge and produce a mature ovum. Secreted by anterior pituitary gland. Stimulates the follicles to produce estradiol.
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| estradiol | secreted by ovaries. Causes development of female sexual characteristics during puberty. (estrogen). Causes endometrium to thicken during menstrual cycle.
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| Apgar score | assigns a score to a newborn at 1-5 minutes after birth. Possible 10 points!
-heart rate (2 pts.)
-respiratory rate (2 pts.)
-muscle tone (2 pts.)
-response to stimulation (2 pts.)
-skin color (2 pts.)
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| nulligravida | woman who has never been pregnant and is not pregnant currently.
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| primigravida | pregnant for the 1st time.
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| multigravida | pregnant more than once.
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| fimbriae | moving fingerlike projections at the end of the uterine tube
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| infundibulum | funnel-shaped part of the uterine tube. Ovum is carried here and passes through.
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| broad ligament | holds ovaries in place
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| follicles | located in ovaries. They rupture and release ova (eggs) during the menstrual cycle.
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| areola | pigmented area around the nipple.
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| testosterone | a male hormone secreted by cells around the follicle. It plays a role in the female sexual drive.
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| peritoneum | serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity. It secretes peritoneal fluid that fills spaces between the intestines and other organs.
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| Braxton Hicks contractions | False labor. When uterus contracts itself irregularly to strengthen itself in preparation for childbirth.
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| effacement | thinning of cervical wall. Has to be 100% before delivery.
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| Size of cervix before delivery | 10 cm!
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| rupture of membranes | occurs and releases amniotic fluid (water breaks)
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| involution | process of uterus shrinking in size.
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