chapter10psych

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.

Help!

Question

Answer

A child age 10 answers questions as if she were 12. What is her IQ?

120

🗑

The Binet scale provides__intelligence scores, the Wexler scale provides__.

1,2

🗑

How many different forms of intelligence are there?

it depends.

🗑

Factor analysis is a statistical procedure for determining:

Which items cluster together in terms of how people respond to them.

🗑

Intelligence tests should be

Reliable and valid

🗑

What is intelligence?

It depends on who is asking the question.

🗑

Creative people tend to be

Intelligent

🗑

The grade you get on a quiz reflects your

aptitude & ability.

🗑

When looking at exam scores in PSY101J, you should think about validity, reliability, consider other assessments, or compare your scores?

all of the above.

🗑

Researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on two halves of a single test in order to measure the ________ of a test.

reliability.

🗑

Research on intelligence and brain anatomy indicates that highly intelligent children demonstrate ______ than their less intelligent counterparts.

greater neural plasticity

🗑

Jim, age 55, plays basketball with much younger adults and is concerned that his teammates might consider his age to be a detriment to their game outcome. His concern actually undermines his athletic performance. This best illustrates the impact of

stereotype threat.

🗑

One component of emotional intelligence involves

predicting accurately when feelings are about to change.

🗑

Aptitude tests are specifically designed to

predict ability to learn a new skill.

🗑

“Gifted child” programs can lead to ______ by implicitly labeling some students as “ungifted” and isolating them from an enriched educational environment.

self-fulfilling prophecies

🗑

The ability to deal effectively with social conflict is not likely to be reflected in one's performance on the WAIS. This best illustrates that intelligence is

a collection of distinctly different abilities.

🗑

Sorina has a mental age of 10 and an IQ of 125 as measured by the Stanford-Binet. Sorina's chronological age is

🗑

With increasing age, adopted children's intelligence test scores become ________ positively correlated with their adoptive parents' scores and ________ positively correlated with their biological parent's scores.

less; more

🗑

The intelligence scores of adopted children are LEAST likely to correlate positively with the intelligence scores of their

adoptive parents.

🗑

18-year-old Isaiah has an intelligence score of 65. Nevertheless, Isaiah can, with a few seconds of mental calculation, accurately tell the day of the week on which Christmas falls for any year in this century. It would be fair to conclude that

Isaiah is a person with savant syndrome.

🗑

Compared with kids of average intelligence, more intelligent children show cortex thickening at a(n) ________ age and ________ noticeable changes in cortex thickening and thinning.

later; more.

🗑

Dr. Zimmer has designed a test to measure golfers' knowledge of their sport's history. To interpret scores on it, he is presently administering the test to a representative sample of all golfers. Dr. Zimmer is clearly in the process of

standardizing the test.

🗑

The eugenics movement would have been most likely to encourage

selective breeding of highly intelligent people.

🗑

Injury to certain areas of the ________ lobes can destroy imagination while leaving reading, writing, and arithmetic skills intact.

frontal

🗑

Higher intelligence scores are positively correlated with the volume of ________ in specific brain areas involved in memory, attention, and language.

gray matter.

🗑

If both depressed and nondepressed individuals receive similar scores on a diagnostic test for depression, it suggests that the test

is not valid.

🗑

When Professor McGuire asks her students to answer questions in class, she can quickly tell from their facial expressions whether they are happy to participate. Professor McGuire's perceptual skill best illustrates

emotional intelligence.

🗑

Those who score above average on tests of mathematical aptitude are also likely to score above average on tests of verbal aptitude. According to Spearman, this best illustrates the importance of

the g factor.

🗑

On which of the following tasks are males most likely to outperform females?

mentally rotating three-dimensional objects

🗑

music by Mozart every day for 30 days. Another group is exposed to rap music during the same period. She tests the intelligence of the two groups using the Stanford-Binet system. This is probably an example of:

Basic research

🗑

An aptitude test may help a _____ psychologist determine what job would be appropriate for someone.

counseling.

🗑

When the mean of a sample equals the median and the mode, the sample is

Normally distributed.

🗑

A scientist wants to know if IQ predicts success in school. To determine this, she will have to:

Do a correlation.

🗑

Activity in which part of the brain has been linked to general intelligence?

Cerebral cortex

🗑

Creativity probably reflects activity in:

the frontal lobes.

🗑

_____ is one of the characteristics of savant syndrome.

Selective attention

🗑

Which of the following might be used to look for common themes in dreams?

Factor analysis.

🗑

Identical twins tend to be ____ similar in intelligence than fraternal twins, suggesting that intelligence is ____ by genes.

more; influenced.

🗑

Males tend to be more variable in IQ than women. This suggests that IQ may be influenced by:

Testosterone, the Y chromosome or experience.

🗑

Which type of intelligence measured by the WAIS is most likely to reflect visual acuity?

Spatial

🗑

Having heard that the just noticeable difference for light is 1/100, Dr. J decides to test the _____ of this idea by testing this threshold in 100 people.

predictive validity

🗑

People who have high emotional intelligence when it comes to detecting the feelings of others, may be _____ at detecting subtle differences in facial expression.

especially acute

🗑

The ability to distinguish between figure and ground, distance and grouping is related to which of Gardner's aptitudes?

Spatial.

🗑

Negative punishment may result in:

Lower intelligence.

🗑

Emotional intelligence can be shaped, to some extent, by:

Operant conditioning.

🗑

The WAIS tests which type of memory?

Working.

🗑

Many people question the ____ of the idea that some memories are repressed.

validity.

🗑

The ability to recognize that an algorithm is not working is an element of:

intelligence.

🗑

Functional fixedness is evidence of a lack of:

creativity.

🗑

On average, the intelligence test scores of the Dingbats are much higher than those of the Dodos. The difference in the average test scores of the two groups might be a product of

any of these things.

🗑

As adults age, the size of their brains ________ and their nonverbal intelligence test scores ________.

decreases; decrease

🗑

The intelligence test scores of adopted children are LEAST likely to be positively correlated with the scores of their adoptive siblings during

early adulthood.

🗑

Although not notably heavier or larger in total size than the typical Canadian's brain, Einstein's brain was 15 percent larger in the lower region of the

parietal lobe.

🗑

The heritability of intelligence is lowest among genetically

similar individuals who have been raised in dissimilar environments.

🗑

Intelligence tests are most likely to be considered culturally biased in terms of their

content validity.

🗑

Injury to certain areas of the ________ lobes can destroy imagination while leaving reading, writing, and arithmetic skills intact.

frontal

🗑

The original IQ formula would be LEAST appropriate for representing the intelligence test performance of

university students.

🗑

Psychologists would calculate the relationship between intelligence test scores and school grades in order to assess the ________ of the intelligence test.

predictive validity.

🗑

The high positive correlations between scores received on comparable sections of the SAT and GRE provide evidence for the ________ of these test scores.

reliability

🗑

Sweden and Iceland exhibit little of the gender gap in mathematical abilities found in Turkey and Korea. This best illustrates that mental abilities are

socially influenced.

🗑

Disproportionately more Whites than Blacks would be admitted into American colleges if performance scores on ________ were the only basis for college admissions.

all of these tests

🗑

When completing a verbal aptitude test, members of an ethnic minority group are particularly likely to perform below their true ability levels if they believe that the test

is biased against members of their own ethnic group.

🗑

The intelligence test scores of today's better-fed population ________ the scores of the 1930s population.

are higher than

🗑

Generating multiple possible answers to a problem illustrates

divergent thinking.

🗑

Exposure to high levels of male sex hormones during prenatal development is most likely to facilitate the subsequent development of

spatial abilities.

🗑

About ________ percent of WAIS scores fall between 85 and 115.

🗑

Interventions that promote intelligence teach early teens that the brain is like a muscle that strengthens with use. This idea is designed to encourage the teens to view intelligence as

changeable over time.

🗑

Sasha is mildly mentally retarded. She has achieved the equivalent of a fifth-grade education and will soon begin vocational training so that she can earn a living. Sasha's intelligence score is most likely between

50 and 70.

🗑

Achievement test scores that reflect gender probably reflect the effects of:

Experience and inheritance.

🗑

Down syndrome is caused by an extra:

Chromosome

🗑

In face-to-face situations, telepathy may reflect:

Emotional intelligence.

🗑

Clairvoyance may reflect:

emotional intelligence.

🗑

Which of the following will tend to promote creativity?

Negative reinforcement.

🗑

The ability to ignore grouping cues and arrange things differently in one's mind is linked to

creativity.

🗑

Explicit memory is closely tied to which type of aptitude?

Verbal.

🗑

Chunking may tend to increase one's:

intelligence.

🗑

As infants learn to speak, their language follows an age-related pattern. This means that it may be able to classify individuals based on their _____ with respect to their use of language.

mental age.

🗑

After learning about his low score on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Gunter complained, “I don't believe that test is a measure of intelligence at all.” Gunter's statement is equivalent to saying that the WAIS lacks

validity.

🗑

The original IQ formula would be LEAST appropriate for representing the intelligence test performance of

university students.

🗑

The importance of environmental influences on intelligence is provided by evidence that

the intellectual development of neglected children in impoverished environments is often retarded.

🗑

To assess mental age, Binet and Simon measured children's

reasoning skills.

🗑

Intelligence tests have effectively reduced discrimination in the sense that they have

helped limit reliance on educators' subjectively biased judgments of students' academic potential.

🗑

A 6-year-old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency typical of an average 8-year-old was said to have an IQ of

133

🗑

Research on racial differences in intelligence indicates that

on average, Black Americans perform less well than White Americans on intelligence tests.

🗑

Mr. and Mrs. Goldberg can best predict their newborn daughter's future intellectual aptitude by

obtaining information about their own levels of intelligence.

🗑

Postmortem brain analyses reveal that highly educated people have ________ when they die than do their less educated counterparts.

more synapses

🗑

Hanan, a 22-year-old, is mentally retarded. she earns some money by working in a sheltered workshop. She has been able to master basic skills equivalent to those of a second-grader. Hanan's intelligence test score is most likely between

35 and 49.

🗑

The intelligence test scores of today's better-fed population ________ the scores of the 1930s population.

are higher than

🗑

Over the past 50 or so years, children with mental retardation have increasingly been likely to

be mainstreamed into regular school classrooms.

🗑

For the original version of the Stanford-Binet, IQ was defined as

mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100.

🗑

The characteristics of savant syndrome most directly suggest that intelligence is

a diverse set of distinct abilities.

🗑

Achievement tests are designed to

assess learned knowledge or skills.

🗑

Molly has just taken a test of her capacity to learn to be a computer programmer. This is an example of an ________ test.

aptitude

🗑

What type of psychologist would be most interested in the reliability of an IQ test?

Research psychologist.

🗑

When looking at the relative importance of genes and experience in the development of IQ, one is addressing which question in psychology?

Nature-nurture

🗑

Emotional intelligence is most likely to be reflected in the activity of the

Autonomic nervous system.

🗑

A cognitive neuroscientist would be interested in the relationship between:

IQ and the activity of individual neurons.

🗑

If IQ were to have a heritability quotient of 100, it would suggest that:

All differences between individuals in this trait are due to genes.

🗑

Inattentional blindness will tend to reduce:

one's intelligence quotient.

🗑

Signal detection theory questions the ____ of absolute and difference thresholds.

validity

🗑

Aptitude tests may reflect the effects of:

conductive hearing loss.

🗑

Which of the following may improve creativity?

Modeling

🗑

At three months of age, "Coco" is using telegraphic speech. This suggests that the child has a verbal IQ that is

Well above 100.

🗑

A one year old child has just started to babble. This suggests that the child has a verbal IQ which is

Well below 100.

🗑

Object assembly, picture arrangement, and block design are three performance subtests of the

WAIS

🗑

Boys are most likely to outperform girls in a

chess tournament.

🗑

If a test yields consistent results every time it is used, it has a high degree of

reliability

🗑

Today's researchers have identified many different chromosomal regions important to intelligence. This indicates that intelligence is

polygenetic.

🗑

Five-year-old Benjy has an IQ of 120 on the original version of the Stanford-Binet. His mental age is

🗑

The WAIS consists of separate ________ subtests.

verbal and performance

🗑

When Brandon was told that he correctly answered 80 percent of the items on a math achievement test, he asked how his performance compared with that of the average test-taker. Brandon's concern was directly related to the issue of

standardization

🗑

People's scores on the general intelligence factor are most highly correlated with their ability to solve ________ problems.

novel.

🗑

A psychologist interested in the nature-nurture question would compare the IQ's of

Identical and fraternal twins.

🗑

Culture may influence the score that people obtain on an IQ test. In other words, culture may be an important factor to consider when _____ such tests.

standardizing

🗑

Activity in the brainstem is likely to be linked to which of Gardner's multiple intelligences?

Body-kinesthetic.

🗑

Some people think that dreams can predict the future. They say that those few cases where dreams have indicated what will happen are due to chance, given the number of dreams that people have. In other words, they are questioning the ____ of dreams.

predictive validity

🗑

Which of the following is likely to be influenced by DNA?

Mental age.

🗑

There is some data to suggest that Asian Americans have, on average, higher IQ scores than African Americans. Social learning theory suggests that this difference might be due to:

culture.

🗑

Savant syndrome may reflect extreme cases of:

selective attention.

🗑

Savant syndrome may reflect extreme cases of:

inattentional blindness

🗑

Stereotype threat is an example of how _____ alters behavior.

perception.

🗑

Operant conditioning cannot impact:

chronological age.

🗑

Observational learning and modeling cannot impact:

Chronological age.

🗑

The ability to recall the correct information for a test is an example of:

Intelligence.

🗑

As infants learn to speak, their language follows an age-related pattern. This means that it may be able to classify individuals based on their _____ with respect to their use of language.

mental ages.

🗑

A measure of intelligence based on head size is likely to have a ________ level of reliability and a ________ level of validity.

high; low

🗑

Dr. Bronfman has administered her new 100-item test of abstract reasoning to a large sample of students. She is presently comparing their scores on the odd-numbered questions with those on the even-numbered questions in an effort to

determine the test's reliability.

🗑

The sort of problem solving that demonstrates “school smarts” is what researchers have historically assessed in their tests of

intelligence.

🗑

The final exam in a calculus course would be an example of a(n) ________ test.

achievement

🗑

A _____ would be most likely to standardize an intelligence test.

Research psychologist

🗑

A _____ might be interested in the role of specific locations on the 21st chromosome in the behavior of people with Down Syndrome.

Behavior geneticist

🗑

You would expect ____ between scores on the Stanford-Binet test and those on the WAIS.

a significant correlation

🗑

The operational definition of IQ depends on

The measure of IQ used (for example, WAIS versus the Stanford -Binet test).

🗑

Neural plasticity is most likely related to:

Creativity.

🗑

Creativity may be related to activity in the

Central nervous system

🗑

Emotional intelligence requires:

consciousness.

🗑

A person who says that dreams reflect neural activity, and nothing else, is doubting the _____ of images in dreams.

content validity

🗑

Siblings of different ages are less similar in their abilities than identical twins. This dissimilarity suggests that abilities are influenced by:

genes and experience.

🗑

WAIS scores reflect the effects of:

Genes and the environment.

🗑

Perceptual set may tend to reduce one's:

creativity.

🗑

A savant who can play any music that she hears is good at:

acoustic coding.

🗑

The ability to recognize information as correct or incorrect is an element of:

intelligence.

🗑

Identical twins reared apart have less similar IQ's than identical twins reared together. This suggests that:

The environment influences IQ.

🗑

Activity in which part of the brain has been linked to intelligence?

Frontal cortex.

🗑

The speed with which people retrieve information from memory has been found to be a predictor of their ________ intelligence.

verbal.

🗑

Experts would most likely agree that intelligence is a(n)

mental ability to learn from experience.

🗑

When Andy becomes upset about getting a poor grade, he typically fails to realize that he feels scared. This lack of self-insight best illustrates an inadequate level of

emotional intelligence.

🗑

Generating the single correct answer to an intelligence test question illustrates

convergent thinking.

🗑

Psychologists generally agree that intelligence test scores are ________ in terms of being sensitive to differences caused by cultural experiences and are ________ in terms of their predictive validity for different groups.

biased; not biased

🗑

Boys outnumber girls at the ________ levels of verbal fluency and at the ________ levels of mathematical problem-solving ability.

low; high

🗑

The heritability of intelligence refers to

the percentage of variation in intelligence within a group that is attributable to genetic factors.

🗑

Brain size (adjusted for body size) is ________ correlated with intelligence. The speed of taking in perceptual information is ________ correlated with intelligence.

positively; positively

🗑

Which of the following is most likely to try to help a person dealing with mental retardation?

A clinical psychologist.

🗑

A(n) ____ might be used to determine if there is a relationship between IQ and creativity scores.

scatterplot

🗑

Logical-Mathematical intelligence is linked to which area of the brain?

Parietal lobe

🗑

Consciousness is an element of:

Intelligence.

🗑

Weber's law suggests that there is a _____ relationship between the strength of an initial stimulus and the just noticeable difference for that intensity.

reliable

🗑

Achievement test scores that reflect gender probably reflect the effects of:

Experience and inheritance.

🗑

A college administrator is trying to assess whether an admissions test accurately predicts how well applicants will perform at his school. The administrator is most obviously concerned that the test is

valid

🗑

The written exam for a driver's license would most likely be considered a(n) ________ test.

achievement

🗑

A 12-year-old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency typical of an average 9-year-old was said to have an IQ of

🗑

Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that intelligence test scores are influenced by environment?

Fraternal twins are more similar in their intelligence scores than are ordinary siblings.

🗑

Psychologists would be likely to agree that

intelligence tests have comparable predictive validity for Whites and Blacks.

🗑

Factor analysis has been used to assess whether

intelligence is a single trait or a collection of distinct abilities.

🗑

With increasing age, identical twins' intelligence test scores become ________ positively correlated. With increasing age, adoptive siblings' scores become ________ positively correlated.

more; less

🗑

The relatively restricted range of intelligence among the college seniors who take the Graduate Record Exam serves to ________ the ________ of the Graduate Record Exam.

decrease; predictive validity

🗑

About ________ percent of WAIS scores fall between 85 and 115.

68.

🗑

If a road test for a driver's license adequately samples the tasks a driver routinely faces, the test is said to have

content validity.

🗑

Sorting children into “gifted child” education programs is most likely to be criticized for

widening the achievement gap between higher- and lower-ability groups.

🗑

Spatial intelligence is most likely to be linked to neural activity in the:

Right hemisphere.

🗑

Compared with boys, girls are ________ capable of remembering objects' spatial locations and they are ________ capable of detecting odors.

more; more.

🗑

The lower region of the ________ lobe is a center for processing mathematical and special information.

parietal

🗑

To assess whether intelligence is a single trait or a collection of several distinct abilities, psychologists have made extensive use of

factor analysis.

🗑

Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that intelligence test scores are influenced by heredity?

Identical twins reared separately are more similar in their intelligence scores than fraternal twins reared together.

🗑

Savant syndrome requires

transduction.

🗑

Exposure to high levels of male sex hormones during prenatal development is most likely to facilitate the subsequent development of

spatial abilities.

🗑

Among children with a very low level of verbal ability, there are ________ boys than girls; among children with a very high level of math problem-solving ability, there are ________ boys than girls.

more; more

🗑

The components of creativity include

expertise and a venturesome personality.

🗑

Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.

To hide a column, click on the column name.

To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.

You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.

Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.

Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

Normal Size Small Size show me how

Created by: heartxshpedxbox3