Female Reproductive System
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| Primary sex organs of the female reproductive system | Ovaries
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| Secondary sex organs of the female reproductive system | vagina, uterine tubes, uterus and mammary glands
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| Location of the ovaries | lateral wall of the abdominopelvic cavity, approximately at the level of the anterior superior iliac spine
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| Function of the ovaries | production of the mature ova, endocrine gland produces two hormones: estrogen and progesterone
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| Structure of the ovaries | small, almond shaped, not palpable. divided into a medulla and cortex
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| What does the medulla of the ovaries contain? | (central portion) nerves and blood vessels
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| What does the cortex of the ovaries contain? | thousands of "follicles" in various stages of development
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| primordial (primary) follicles | approximately 400,000 at birth (immature follicles- ova and surounding capsule)
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| Seconday follicles | second maturation stage
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| Graafian follicles | mature ova which rupture from surrounding follicle during ovulation
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| corpus luteum | "glandular" structure which develops from follicle after the ova has been extruded (secretes estrogen or progesterone)
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| corpus albicans | degenerated corpus luteum
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| Location of the uterine tubes | extend laterally from the uterus
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| Structure of the uterine tubes | muscular tube approximately 10 inches long, terminal (lateral) end is funnel shaped, has fingerlike projections called fimbriae
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| Function of the uterine tubes | communicate with the uterus (rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle), transport ova from ovaries to the uterus, site of fertilization
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| Why are females more likely to get pelvic inflamatory disease than males? | The fimbriaed ends of the uterine tubes open into the peritoneal cavity which allows for a direct connection between the female peritoneal cavity and the external environment
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| Location of the uterus | between the bladder and rectum, within the pelvic cavity, generally anteflexed (tilted slightly anteriorly)
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| Function of the uterus | provides site for implantation of fertilized ova, houses developing fetus, capible of contraction during delvery to aid in the birthing process
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| Structure of the uterus | hollow, pear-shaped organ, thick muscular walls, divided into three regions
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| What are the three regions of the uterus? | fundus, body and cervix
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| What three layers make up the uterine wall? | perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
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| perimetrium | thin outer layer CT covering of the uterine wall
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| Myometrium | middle layer of the uterine wall, composed of smooth muscle
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| Endometrium | innermost layer of the uterine wall, "mucosal layer", divided into stratum funtionale and stratum basale
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| Stratum functionale | suferficial layer (closest to uterine cavity) this is the layer shed during menstration
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| Stratum basale | deep to the stratum functional, very vascular, regenerated to rebuild the layer of tissue shed during menstration
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| Location of the vagina | extends from the uterus to external orifice, posterior to bladder and urethra, anterior to rectum
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| Fornices | "spaces" formed by the protrusion of the cervix into the vagina
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| How many fornices are in the vagina? | 4-posterior, anterior and lateral (2)
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| Vaginal orifice | located between te urethral orifice and the anus
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| Hymen | membrane which may partially cover the vaginal orifice
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| Muscosal layer of the vaginal wall | innermost layer, composed of stratified squamous epithelium, mucous glands present which secrete "acidic" environment
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| Muscular layer of the vagina | composed of smooth muscle
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| Fibrous layer of the vagina | outermost layer, composed of CT
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| Vulva | external genitalia of the female
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| mons pubis | pad of adipose tissue, covers symphysis pubis
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| labia majora | thickened, longitudinal folds of skin which protect genitalia
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| labia minora | small folds of skin located medial to labia majora
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| clitoris | small rounded projection composed of erectile tissue, located anterior to urethral orifice
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| vestibule | region enclosed by labia minora, contains vaginal and urethral orifices
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| vestibular glands | (Bartolin's glands) secrete mucous into the vestibule to lubricate the vaginal canal
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| Perineum | triangular region bounded anteriorly by the pubic arch, posteriorly by the coccyx and laterally by the ischiopubic rami.
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| Pelvic diaphragm | muscles of the perineum that form the floor of the pelvis
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| What two triangluar shaped regions can the perineum be divided into? | urogenital triangle (contains external genetalia) and the anal triangle (contains the anus)
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| Mammary glands | modified sweat glands and adipose tissue
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| Position of the mammary glands | overlies pectoralis major (superficial), extends from rib 2 to rub 6
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| Lobes (of mammary glands) | glandular tissue seperated by adipose tissue
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| Lobules | composed of alveoli, suspensory ligament and lactiferous duct
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| Alveoli (of mammary gland) | glandular sacs which secrete milk
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| suspensory ligaments of cooper | CT which support the brest
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| lactiferous duct | caries milk from gland to nipple
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| Nipple | approximately at level of the T4 (dermatomal level), areolar= dark pigmented region
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| lymphatic drianage of the mammary glands | 75% of lymph drains towards axillary nodes (laterally)
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Created by:
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