Terms from AP GOV Chapter 12: Congress
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| Bicameral Legislature | A legislature divided into two houses.
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| Bill | A proposed law, drafted in precise legal language.
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| Casework | Activities of members of Congress that help constituents as individuals.
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| Caucus | A group of members of Congress sharing some interest or characteristic.
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| Committee Chairs | The most important influencers of the congressional agenda.
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| Conference Committee | Congressional committees formed when the Senate and the House pass a particular bill in different forms.
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| Filibuster | A strategy unique to the Senate whereby opponents of a piece of legislation try to talk it to death, based on the tradition of unlimited debate.
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| House Rules Committee | An institution unique to the House of Representatives that reviews all bills (except revenue, budget, and appropriations bills) coming from a House committee before they go to the full House.
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| Incumbents | Those already holding office. In congressional elections, incumbents usually win.
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| Joint Committees | Congressional committees on a few subject-matter areas with membership drawn from both houses.
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| Legislative Oversight | Congress' monitoring of the bureaucracy and its administration of policy, performed mainly through hearings.
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| Majority Leader | The principal partisan ally of the Speaker of the House or the party's wheel horse in the Senate.
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| Minority Leader | The emergence of a non-Caucasian majority, as compared with a White, generally Anglo-Saxon majority.
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| Pork Barrel | The mighty list of federal projects, grants, and contracts available to cities, businesses, colleges, and institutions available in a congressional district.
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| Select Committees | Congressional committees appointed for a specific purpose, such as the Watergate investigation.
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| Seniority System | A simple rule for picking committee chairs, in effect until the 1970s. The member who had served on the committee the longest and whose party controlled Congress became chair, regardless of party loyalty, mental state, or competence.
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| Speaker of the House | An office mandated by the Constitution. The Speaker is chosen in practice by the majority party, has both formal and informal powers, and is second in line to succeed to the presidency should that office become vacant.
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| Standing Committees | Separate subject-matter committees in each house of Congress that handle bills in different policy areas.
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| Whip | Party leaders who work with the majority leader or minority leader to count votes beforehand and lean on waverers whose votes are crucial to a bill favored by the party.
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