Pharmocology-Autonomics1.7/NicotinicCholinergic
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| name the 2 catagories of drugs to stimulate cholinergic receptors? | nicotinic and muscarinic like agents
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| rapid onset excitatory effects. Blocked by ND ganglionic blocking agents: | Nicotine
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| delayed onset excitatory effects. Blocked by atropine-like drugs | muscarine and methacholine and partly AchE inhibitors
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| Nicotine, Lobeline, Epibatidine? | autonomic ganglia nicotinic agonist of no clinical use
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| Succinylcholine? | NMJ nicotinic ag/antag, for skeletal muscle relaxation
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| Hexamethonium? | autonomic ganglia nicotinic, antagonist of no clinical use
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| trimethaphan? | autonomic ganglia nicotinic antagonist as a antihypertensive
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| Tubocurarine, Pancuronium, Vecuronium? | NMJ nicotinic antagonist for skeletal muscle relaxation
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| How do drugs affect the autonomic ganglia? | transient stimulation and then more persistant depression of ganglia (small dose facilitate transmission of impulses, large dose initial stimulation then very quickly a blockade)
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| Nicotinic receptors in the adrenal medulla? | low dose evoke release of catecholamines, large dose prevent release
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| nicotonic receptors in the NMJ? | similar to autonomic ganglia
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| Nicotinic receptors in the CNS? | small doses are mildly alerting (tremurs), large dose are markedly stimulating (convulsions, excite respirations) large doses are followed by depression. Stimulate vomiting central and peripherial.
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| nicotinic receptors in the CV system? | increase in HR and BP related to stimulation of sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla
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| nicotinic receptors in the GI? | largely due to parasympathetic. Increase tone and motor of bowel. N/V, diarrhea following absorption of nicotine in niave person
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| nicotinic receptors in Exocrine glands? | initial stimulation of salivary and bronchial secretion followed by inhibition
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| nicotine pharmacokinetics? | absorbed readily, cig contains 8-9mg nicotine, 80-90% metabolized by liver. Cotinine is a major metabolite. 1/2 life 2 hours. Fatal dose is 60mg for an adult.
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| what happens with nicotine poisoning? | N/V, salivation, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, confusion, weakness. Progress to hypotension, resp depression, convulsions, death
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