Analysis of urine
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| what do the kidneys do? | seperate urine(waste) from the blood
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| what is the renal pelvis and what does it do? | it is the central area of the kidney that collects urine.
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| what are ureters? | the tubes that conduct urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
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| what is the urinary bladder? | muscular organ that temporarily holds urine then releases it to the urethra
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| what is the urethra? | tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
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| what can the kidneys do that other organs can't? | fine tune the elimination of h2O and electrolytes to maintain the normal volume and composition of body fluids
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| what is the nephron? | the urine making unit of the kidney
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| what is the most important thing when collecting urine specimens? | using the correct cup
(sterile cup)
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| what is a random sample and a first morning specimen? | fresly voided, very concentrated urine
(it determines: protein, nitrates, bacteria & hCG
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| when is a 2-hr postprandial urine specimen performed? | done 2hrs after meals to test for diabetes
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| what does a 24hr specimen test used for? | hormone levels & creatinine for evaluation of the kidneys
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| what is the second voided specimen testing for? | glucose
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| what is clean-catch midstream specimen used for? | testing microorganisms & bacteria
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| what does the microscopic examination of urine sediment do? | categorizes and counts cells, casts, srystals and miscellaneous constituents of the sediment
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| how do you obtain the microscopic examination of urine sediment? | measured portion of urine is centrifuged
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| what is a clinitest? | the glucose test on the reagent strip will detect only glucose
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| what is a acetest? | an alternative to strip testing when the urine must be tested for the presence of ketones
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| what is the pregnancy hormone? | hCG - human chorionic gonadotropin
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| what are the normal urine levels for ovulation testing | urine levels of LH of 20mIU/ml or greater
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| what hormone does menopause testing detect? | detects FSH in the urine
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| what is toxicology? | the study of poisonous (drugs or alcohol) substances and their effects on the body
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| what are the steps for patient education of urine testing? | explain collection techniques and provide clearly written instructions
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| what does eliminating urine from the body do? | helps the body to maintain water and electrolyte balance
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| what are the organs of excretion? | kidney, skin lung & intestines
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| urinary system includes which organs? | kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder & urethra
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| what functions do the kidneys perform? | excrete nitrogen waste, regulate blood volume, electrolyte concentration, pH & blood pressure - stimulate rbc production
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| what is the nephron unit composed of? | renal tubular structure & vascular blood vessel structures
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| what are the physical properties of urine? | amount, color, clarity, odor, pH, & specific gravity
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| what is the composition of urine? (chemical properties =abnormal componets | protein, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, blood, nitrite, urobilinogen & leukocytes
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| what is the time limit to test urine specimens? | within 2hrs of collection - they should be kept refrigerated
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| what is the time limit for culture & sensitivity testing? | within 72hrs
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| what is the routine urinalysis? (UA) | the test for the physical properties & appearance (color)
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| appearance & turbidity | pale yellow-yellow-straw-amber
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| normal adult range for volume of urine | adults 750-2000mL in 24hrs
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| what does foam detect? | detects abnormality - greenish yellowish indicates bilirubinurea
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| what does odor mean? | gives clue to metabolic disorder caused by disease, bacteria or diet
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| what is specific gravity? | the weight of urine compared to distilled water
normal range is 1005-1030mL -depending on water intake
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| what is polyuria? | excessive urine
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| minimum volume for catherization | need to do a minimum of 1500mL
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| distilled water | chemical properties have been removed from the water
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| colony forming units (cfu) | bacteria in urine
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| culture & sensitivity (c&s) | test to detect bacteria & fungus
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| what is the uterus? | the womb that holds the fetus
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| what is a urinalysis? | an exam that determines urine content
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| what is dialysis? | complete seperation of waste from blood when the kidneys fail
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