Materninty Nursing Chapter 6
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| Accelerations | Periodic increase in the baseline fetal heart rate. (brief, temporary increases in FHR of at least 15 beats/min above the baseline. They usually occur with fetal movements just as the heart rate increases in adults during exercise.)
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| Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) | An antigen present in the human fetus. Elevated levels in the amniotic or adult serum during pregnancy may indicate neural tube defect; decreased levels may indicate Down Syndrome.
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| Amnioinfusion | Infusion of warmed isotonic saline into the uterine cavity to reduce umbilical cord compression; also performed to flush meconium out of the cavity to reduce the risk of fetal aspiration.
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| Deceleration | Decrease in the fetal heart rate.
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| Early Deceleration | Periodic change in fetal heart rate patern caused by head compression; deceleration has a uniform appearance and early onset in relation to the maternal contraction.
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| External Fetal Monitoring | Ultrasound transducer & tacodynamometer are secured to the woman's abdomen. When placed correctly the sound waves of the fetal heart are picked up by the electric monitor. Uterine contractions monitored for frequncy/duration, not intensity externally.
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| Fetal Pulse Oximetry | Fetal oxygen saturation measured by a transcervical catheter positioned against the the fetal cheek. Used when the amniotic membranes are ruptured and the cervix is at least 2 cm dilated.
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| Internal Fetal Monitoring | It requires ruptured amniotic membranes and at least 2 cm dilated. Fetal presentiong part must be known and down near cervix. Spiral electrode inserted into vagina and placed by clockwise rotation, until attached to presenting part (head or buttocks).
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| Internal EFM | Wires extend from electrode attached to leg plate and then fetal monitor. Pressure transducer is place in utero cavity to monitor contractions and gives pressure reading.
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| Late Decelerations | Frequently begin at approximately the peak of the contraction & end after the contraction ends. They are often associated with uteroplacental insufficiency. Persistant or recurrent late decelerations may indicate hypoxia or lack of oxygen to the fetus.
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| Nonreassuring Heart Rate Pattern | A fetal heart rate pattern that indicates fetal distress, such as late decelerations, bradycardia, or absence of variability.
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| Reassuring Heart Rate Pattern | Reflects adequate fetal oxygenation.
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| Variable Decelerations | Involve a transient drop in FHR before, during, or after uterine contraction. They are related to a brief compression of the umbilical cord. The decelerations are abrupt and often associated with accelerations before or after deceleration.
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