Key Terms: Political Beliefs/Political Behaviors
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| Attentive Public | Those who follow politics and public affairs carefully.
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| Australian Ballot | Secret ballot printed at the expense of the state.
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| Balancing the Ticket | Occurs when a presidential nominee chooses a vice presidential running mate who has different qualities in order to attract more votes for the ticket.
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| Blanket Primary | Election to choose candidates that is open to independents, and that allows voters to choose candidates from all the parties.
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| Caucus | Local party meeting.
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| Closed Primary | A party election to choose candidates that is closed to independents. Voters may not cross party lines.
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| Coattail Effect | The influence of a popular presidential candidate on the election of congressional candidates of the same party.
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| Demographics | Characteristics of populations, e.g., race, sex, income.
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| Direct Election | Election of an official directly by the people rather than by an intermediary group such as the Electoral College.
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| Direct Primary | Election in which the people choose candidates for office.
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| Fixed Terms | Terms of office that have a definite length of time, e.g., two years for a member of the House.
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| Front Loading | When presidential primary elections are scheduled early (e.g., February or March) in an election year.
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| Gender Gap | Difference in voting patterns for men and women, particularly in the greater tendency of the latter to vote for Democratic presidential candidates.
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| General Election | Election in which the officeholders are chosen. Contrast with a primary election, in which only the candidates are chosen.
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| Hard Money | Campaign contributions are donated directly to candidates.
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| Ideology | Set of beliefs about political values and the role of government.
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| Incumbent | An officeholder who is seeking reelection.
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| Independent | One who is not registered with a political party. Independent leaners tend to vote for candidates of one particular party, whereas pure independents have no consistent pattern of party voting.
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| Issue Advocacy Ads | Ads that focus on issues and do not explicitly encourage citizens to vote for a certain candidate.
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| Open Primary | Election to choose candidates that is open to independents, and in which voters may choose candidates from any one party.
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| Party Identification | Sense of affiliation that a person has with a particular political party.
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| Party Platform | List of positions and programs that the party adopts at the national convention. Each position is called a plank.
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| Political Culture | Widely shared beliefs, values, and norms that citizens share about their government.
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| Plurality | More votes than anyone else, but less than half(Not Yet Majority). Plurality elections such as those for Congress are won by the person with the most votes, regardless if he/she has a majority.
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| Political Efficacy | The capacity to understand and influence political events
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| Political Socialization | The process in which one acquires his/her political beliefs.
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| Realigning (“Critical”) Election | Election in which there is a long term change in party alignment, e.g., 1932.
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| Safe Seat | Office that is extremely likely to be won by a particular candidate or political party.
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| Single Member District System | System in which the people elect one representative per district. With a winner-take-all rule, this system strengthens the two major parties and weakens minor parties.
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| Soft Money | When campaign contributions are not donated directly to candidates, but are instead donated to parties.
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| Solid South | Historically, the South voted solidly Democratic, but now the South is strongly Republican: Bush carried every Southern state in 2000.
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| Split Ticket Voting | Casting votes for candidates of one’s own party and for candidates of opposing parties, e.g., voting for a Republican presidential candidate and a Democratic congressional candidate.
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| Straight Ticket Voting | Casting votes only for candidates of one’s party.
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| Suffrage | The right to vote.
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| Superdelegate | Delegate to the Democratic national convention who is there by virtue of holding an office.
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| Super Tuesday | Tuesday in early March in which many presidential primaries, particularly in the South, are held.
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| Swing State | State that does not consistently vote either Democratic or Republican in presidential elections.
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