Bio240 Chapter 46,47,40,21
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| What do budding and fragmentation have in common? | A) Both are types of asexual reproduction.
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| Why is sexual reproduction important? | B) The resulting diverse phenotypes may enhance survival of a population in a changing environment.
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| After sperm cells are produced, they are mainly stored in the | C) epididymis.
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| Where are human sperm cells produced? | C) the seminiferous tubules of the testes
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| Human fertility drugs increase the chance of multiple births, probably because they | b) mimic progesterone.
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| FSH stimulates: | b. maturation of ovarian follicles
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| In vertebrate animals, spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ, in that | C) oogenesis produces one functional ovum, whereas spermatogenesis produces four functional spermatozoa.
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| How do the estrous and menstrual cycles compare? | A) Endometrial bleeding occurs during the menstrual cycle; the endometrium is reabsorbed by the uterus during the estrous cycle.
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| The secretory phase of the menstrual cycle | C) corresponds with the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle.
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| What are the three phases of the ovarian cycle? | D) follicular, ovulation, and luteal
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| Inhibition of the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus will | C) inhibit secretion of gonadotropins from the pituitary.
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| One function of the corpus luteum is to | C) produce progesterone and estrogen.
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| What is the narrow opening of the human uterus called? | B) cervix
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| In humans, fertilization occurs in the ________, and implantation occurs in the ______. | d. oviduct, uterus
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| The membranous sac that forms from the hindgut and stores waste products in birds and reptiles is the: | c. allantois
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| The drug RU486 functions by | B) blocking progesterone receptors in the uterus.
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| Which of the following is a function of the contents of the acrosome during fertilization? | C) to digest the exterior coats of the egg
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| The cortical reaction functions directly in the | A) formation of a fertilization envelope.
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| Which structure in bird and mammalian embryos functions like the blastopore of frog embryos? | primitive streak
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| The development of an organism is controlled by | d. all of the above
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| As cleavage continues during frog development, the number of blastomeres | A) increases as the size of the blastomeres decreases.
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| Which region of the frog blastula corresponds to the future dorsal side of the embryo? | D) gray crescent
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| Which developmental sequence is CORRECT? | D) cleavage, morula, blastula, and gastrula
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| the time of implantation, the human embryo is called a(n) | B) zygote.
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| The yolk of the frog egg | E) leads to unequal rates of cleavage for the animal pole compared to the vegetal pole.
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| After gastrulation, the outer-to-inner sequence of tissue layers in a vertebrate is | c) ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm.
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| What is the process called that involves the movement of cells into new relative positions in an embryo and results in the establishment of three germ tissue layers? | E) gastrulation
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| Without the formulation of an ectoderm, vertebrates would not form | A) a nervous system.
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| You observe an embryo with meroblastic cleavage, extraembryonic membranes, and a primitive streak. How would you identify this organism, based on the information given? | D) bird
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| Hans Spemann has referred to which of the following structures as the primary organizer in the early development of amphibian embryos? | E) dorsal lip of the blastopore
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| During gastrulation in frogs, a rod of mesoderm under the dorsal surface forms the | A) notochord.
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| The posterior portion of the neural tube will develop into the frog's | A) spinal cord.
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| An increase in which of the following parameters is most important in the evolution of specialized exchange surfaces such as the linings of the lungs or intestines? | A) surface area
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| Collagenous fibers are primarily found in what type of animal tissue? | A) connective
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| Why must multicellular organisms keep their cells awash in an "internal pond"? | B) Cells need an aqueous medium for the exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes.
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| Muscles are joined to bones by | D) tendons.
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| The epithelium best adapted for a body surface subject to abrasion is | E) stratified squamous.
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| Which muscle tissue is responsible for voluntary movement? | B) skeletal muscle only
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| The involuntary muscles that cause the wavelike contractions pushing food along our intestines are | D) smooth muscles.
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| A group of similar specialized cells, organized as a structural and functional unit is a(n): | b. tissue
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| Which of the following is true of interstitial fluid? | D) It provides for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells.
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| How does positive feedback differ from negative feedback? | B) In positive feedback, the effector's response is in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it.
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| Which of the following is an important distinction between the measurement of basal metabolic rate (BMR) and standard metabolic rate (SMR)? | C) SMRs must be determined at a specific temperature.
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| In an amphibian embryo, a band of cells called the neural crest | C) produces cells that migrate to form teeth, skull bones, and other structures in the embryo.
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| The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant internal environment is termed | A) homeostasis.
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| Multinucleate cells are found in: | d. skeletal muscle cells
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| Terrestrial animals mainly exchange heat with the environment by all of the following physical processes except | D) illumination.
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| Consider an ectotherm and an endotherm of equal body size. The ectotherm is more likely to survive an extended period of food deprivation than the endotherm because | E) both B and C
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| Where is the thermostat of vertebrates located? | C) hypothalamus
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