Chapter 11
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| arrhythmias | Abnormal heart rhythms (dysrhythmias).
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| Ex.of heart arrhythmias: bradycardia and heart block (atrioventricular block) | Failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His).
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| Ex. of heart arrhythmias: flutter | Rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria.
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| Ex. of heart arrhythmias: fibrillation | Very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute).
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| congenital heart disease | Abormalities in the heart at birth.
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| Ex. congenital heart disease Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) | Narrowing (coarctation) of the aorta.
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| Ex. congenital heart disease patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) | Passageway (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth.
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| Ex. congenital heart disease septal defects | Small holes in the wall between the atria (atrial septal defects) or the ventricles (ventricular septal defects).
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| Ex. congenital heart disease tetralogy of Fallot | Congenital malformation involving four (tetra-) distinct heart defects.
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| congestive heart failure | Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood.
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| coronary artery disease (CAD) | Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart.
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| endocarditis | Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart.
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| hypertensive heart disease | High blood pressure affecting the heart.
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| mitral valve prolapse (MVP) | Improper closure of the mitral valve.
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| murmur | Extra heart sound, heard between normal beats
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| pericarditis | Inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart.
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| rheumatic heart disease | Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever.
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| aneurysm | Local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall.
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| deep vein thrombosis (DVT) | Blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb.
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| hypertension (HTN) | High blood pressure.
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| peripheral arterial disease (PAD) | Blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys and other organs.
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| Raynaud disease | Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes.
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| varicose veins | Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs.
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