chabner, 8th edition, chapter 18 endocrine system
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| insulin | secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas. it helps glucose to pass into cells, and it promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen
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| glucogen | secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas;increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen(starch) to glucose
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| growth hormone(GH);somatotropin | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) stimulates growth of bones and soft tissue
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| luteinizing hormone(LH) | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males
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| norepinephrine | secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure
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| oxytocin(OT) | secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland;stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth
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| parathormone(PTH) | secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium
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| progesterone | secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy
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| prolactin (PRL) | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes milk secretion
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| somatotropin (STH) | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; growth hormone
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| testosterone | male hormone secreted by the testes
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| thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyrotropin | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. it acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning. * it is NOT secreted by the thyroid gland
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| thyroxine(T4) | secreted by the thyroid gland; also called tetraiodothyronine. it increases metabolism in cells
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| triiodothyronine (T3) | secreted by the thyroid gland; it increases metabolism in cells.
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| vasopressin | secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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| catecholamines | hormones derived from amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla. ei. epinephrine
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| corticosteroids | hormones produced by the adrenal cortex
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| electrolyte | mineral salt found in the blood and necessary for proper functioning of cells; ei. potassium, sodium, calcium
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| glucocorticoid | steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulate glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. cortisol raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response
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| homeostasis | tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment
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| hormone | substance, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland
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| hypothalamus | region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. it secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland
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| mineralocorticoid | steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body. ei. aldosterone
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| receptor | cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited
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| sella turcica | cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland
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| sex hormones | steroids (androgens and estrogens) produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics
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| steroid | complex substance related to fats, and of which many hormones are made. ei. estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocoticoids
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| sympathomimetic | pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system. ei. adrenaline which raises blood pressure and heart rate and dilates airways
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| target tissue | cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones
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