Various structures and functions within the cell
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What are some examples of cell types? | Neurons, cells that conduct electricity; hormones...etc.
🗑
|
||||
| Why are cells diverse? | The way there are many unique proteins in the cell
🗑
|
||||
| What is the nucleus? | Contains the instruction manual of the cell, which are genes within DNA chrmosomes.
🗑
|
||||
| How many genes do we have? | 3 billion
🗑
|
||||
| DNA: | Double helix ladder structure of base pairs
🗑
|
||||
| What's another word for base pairs? | Nucleotides
🗑
|
||||
| What is transcription? | Occurs in nucleus, where DNA splits apart to find nucleotide that assembre to compliment the single chain
🗑
|
||||
| What is this compliment called? | mRNA
🗑
|
||||
| What is important to note about the new compliment? | T is replaced with Uracil
🗑
|
||||
| What happens after the mRNA is created? | It leaves through the pores of the nucleous to go to the cytoplasm, where it is translated into a protein
🗑
|
||||
| What is an example of Transcription? | Making a muscle cell
🗑
|
||||
| Orgennelles: and what are they also known as? | Located in the cytoplasm (baby cells, not yet formed) Stem cells
🗑
|
||||
| What does the mRNA do once it arrives at the cytoplasm? | It finds the ribosomes so they can make proteins
🗑
|
||||
| What is the overall function of mRNA? | Provides insturction for the ribosomes to make a protein
🗑
|
||||
| How do the ribosomes start the protein making process? | They assign each codon an amino acid
🗑
|
||||
| Codon: | Series of 3 nucleotides in a row
🗑
|
||||
| What is translation: | Occurs in ribosomes, makeing protein by attaching amino acids to it.
🗑
|
||||
| What makes up a cell? | Proteins
🗑
|
||||
| What can have the potential to kill a cell, and how? | Ricin or anthrax because it shuts down ribosomes, so they can't make proteins
🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of the smooth ER? | Lipid production and detoxification
🗑
|
||||
| Rough ER function: | Where proteins are made
🗑
|
||||
| After the rough ER makes proteins, where do they go? | To the Golgi app
🗑
|
||||
| What's another word for the Golgi app? | Golgi complex
🗑
|
||||
| What does the Golgi do to the protein? | It modifies it
🗑
|
||||
| What's the number one way the Golgi modifies a protein? | Adds sugar to it
🗑
|
||||
| What is the overall function of the protein, in formal words? | Post translational changes to protein to let it know where to go
🗑
|
||||
| How many main fates does a protein have, and what are they? | Three fates: secretion, storage, and become a membrane vesicle
🗑
|
||||
| What is an example of a protein secreted by the cell? | Can be secreted out of the cell in the form of a hormone
🗑
|
||||
| Example of a storage protein in a cell? | Enzymes
🗑
|
||||
| What are digestive enzymes? | Lysosomes
🗑
|
||||
| Autoimunal disease: | When lysosomes break down a healthy cell
🗑
|
||||
| Lysosomes | in cytoplasm, contain digestive enzymes that rid the cell of waste
🗑
|
||||
| What's the slang word for lysosomes: | Suicide bags
🗑
|
||||
| How is hydrogen peroxide formed in the body? | by product of metabolism
🗑
|
||||
| Peroxisome | Digestive enzyme that catalyzes the production and breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
🗑
|
||||
| What does a membrane vesicle do? | becomes part of the plasma membrane
🗑
|
||||
| Intracellular: | Everything in the cell
🗑
|
||||
| Extracellular: | everything OUTside of the cell
🗑
|
||||
| What are some characteristics of the plasma membrane: | A phospholipid bilayer that is selectively permeable to protect the cell
🗑
|
||||
| Where do the phospholipid heads face? Intra or extra? | Hydrophilic
🗑
|
||||
| Where do the tails face? | Hydrophobic
🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of cholestrol in the cell? | Makes plasma membrane fluid
🗑
|
||||
| Transmembrane protein: | Spans lipid bilayer, from hydrophobic to hydrophillic
🗑
|
||||
| Peripheral protein: | On one side, either extra cell surface or intracell surface
🗑
|
||||
| What is an example of a peripheral protein? | Receptor
🗑
|
||||
| glycolipid: | Sugar on a lipid
🗑
|
||||
| Glycoprotein: | Sugar on protein: added by Golgi
🗑
|
||||
| What is sugar coating | Glyco Calyx
🗑
|
||||
| Where does transcription take place? | Nucleous
🗑
|
||||
| Where does translation take place? | In ribosomes
🗑
|
||||
| Where are phospholipids made? | Smooth ER
🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of the glyco calyx? | Cell ID as self vs. foreign ID
🗑
|
||||
| What is an example of cell ID methods? | The ABO blood typing
🗑
|
||||
| What is hemolytic referring to? | When one breaks blood cells, which leads to clots
🗑
|
||||
| How can hemolytics occur? | When you add the wrong blood type to someone
🗑
|
||||
| What is the "thing" around the red blood cell, that really makes up the red blood cell? What is its formal word? | Protein called antogen
🗑
|
||||
| Antogen: | Initiates a new reaction
🗑
|
||||
| What is another word for antogen? | Agglutinogen
🗑
|
||||
| How does the body reacts when a type A bloodtype receives a type B blood transfusion? | Type A blood has type B antibodies which would cause hemolytic reactions
🗑
|
||||
| What is another word for those antibodies? | Agglutinim
🗑
|
||||
| What antibodies does type B have? | Type A
🗑
|
||||
| What antibodies does type AB have? | No antibodies
🗑
|
||||
| What blood type does type O have? | A and B
🗑
|
||||
| What is referred to as the universal donor? | O
🗑
|
||||
| What is the universal receiver? | AB
🗑
|
||||
| What are the type O proteins? | No proteins
🗑
|
||||
| Where are the plasma memrane proteins produced? | In the liver
🗑
|
||||
| Where is an unlikely location to find blood cell receptors? | Plasma membrane
🗑
|
||||
| What are two ways to transport stuff accross plasma membrane? | Active and passive transport
🗑
|
||||
| How is active transport possible? | Through ATP
🗑
|
||||
| Where is ATP produced? | Mitochondria
🗑
|
||||
| What is myopathy? | A muscle problem caused by mitochondria not producing proteins
🗑
|
||||
| What area of the body isi most affected by a problem in the mitochondria? | The muscles, because they need a lot of ATP to move
🗑
|
||||
| What is the life cycle of the cell in which the cell performs normal metabolism and spends most of its time here? | Interphase
🗑
|
||||
| Why do cells divide? | To repair themselves
🗑
|
||||
| What is DNA called in its uncodensed format? | Chromatin
🗑
|
||||
| What is DNA in its condensed format? | Chromosomes
🗑
|
||||
| Where does the cell spend its shortest amount of time? | Dividing, it is mostly in metabolism
🗑
|
||||
| What are the five stages of mitosis? | Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
🗑
|
||||
| What happens in prophse? | dna condenses
🗑
|
||||
| what happens in metaphse? | chromosomes line up
🗑
|
||||
| what happens in anaphase? | mitotic spindles form
🗑
|
||||
| What happens in telophase? | the cleavage furrow forms
🗑
|
||||
| What is cytokinesis? | At the tail end of telophse, it is where the cytoplasm is divided
🗑
|
||||
| What signals the start and stop of mitosis? | Proto-onco genes
🗑
|
||||
| what specific gene tells the cell to stop dividing? | TSP
🗑
|
||||
| What is it called when cells die? | Necrosiss
🗑
|
||||
| What is programmed cell death called? | Apoctosis
🗑
|
||||
| What is an example of apoctosis: | The webbing on the hands and feet in fetusses
🗑
|
||||
| What is the result of the surface of the skin of necrosis? | Inflimation
🗑
|
||||
| What is a tumor? | Uncontrolled cellular division
🗑
|
||||
| What is a primary example of a cell that does not have a nucleous? | Red blood cells
🗑
|
||||
| What is oncology? | Cancer research; how to start and stop cell cycle
🗑
|
||||
| What is the life cycle of a cancer cell? | it spends little time in interphse, most of the time in division
🗑
|
||||
| What is an example of cells that do not divide? | Muscle or nerve cells, we are born with all these cells
🗑
|
||||
| What is a stratified squamus: | Skin cells, or cells that come in contact with stuff
🗑
|
||||
| Carcinogenes? | Cancer causing genes
🗑
|
||||
| What is the cytoskeleton? | Shape, organization, growth and development of cell is taken care of by the cytoskeleton
🗑
|
||||
| What is responsible for the movement of the chromosomes during cell division? | Microtubules
🗑
|
||||
| What happens in G1: | duplicates organelles, replicates centrosomes
🗑
|
||||
| What happens in G2: | Cell grows, enzymes and proteins synthesized
🗑
|
||||
| Mitosis: | When cell division occurs
🗑
|
||||
| What are the functions of membrane proteins? | ion channels, transporters, receptors, and linkers
🗑
|
||||
| Ex of membrane proteins acting as ion channels? | sodium pump
🗑
|
||||
| receptors: | cell cell recognition
🗑
|
||||
| Linkers: | anchor proteins of neighboring cell's PM
🗑
|
||||
| What is cytosol? | Intercellular fluid
🗑
|
||||
| What is plasm? | Extracell fluid in plasma
🗑
|
||||
| intestinal fluid? | microscopic fluid between tissues
🗑
|
||||
| Example of simple diffusion: | oxgen going to cells
🗑
|
||||
| fascillitated diffusion: | integral proteins help out by providing thing some way to get to PM
🗑
|
||||
| Filtration: | water or dissolved substance moves via blood pressure
🗑
|
||||
| What is endocytosis: | receptor mediated; receptor binds to particle to make a vesicle
🗑
|
||||
| example of endocytossi: | getting choloestrol into cell
🗑
|
||||
| What is the process of endocytosis: | binding, vesicle formation, uncoating, fusiion with endosome, recyling to PM, and lysosome eats it.
🗑
|
||||
| AIDS, how does it work? | attaches to cd4 receptor, present in PM of t-cells
🗑
|
||||
| phagocytosis: | cell eating
🗑
|
||||
| when is phagocytosis used? | When there's a pathogen present, it becomes engulfed, fuses with lysosome and bye bye baby
🗑
|
||||
| what is the process of exocytosis: | getting stuff out of cell in which ship fuses with PM and releases waste
🗑
|
||||
| What does cytosol do?? | catalyzes chemical reactions
🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of microfils? | increase surface area, great for absorption
🗑
|
||||
| interfils: | help ancho organnelles together
🗑
|
||||
| centrosomes: | Where the mitotic spindle grown
🗑
|
||||
| What are the functions of smooth ER? | Make steroids, fats, and helps build up some resistance to drugs
🗑
|
||||
| In which surface of golgi does stuff enter? what does this face? | CIS, faces RER
🗑
|
||||
| Which surface does it exit from? | Trans: faces PM
🗑
|
||||
| What is tay sachs disease? | absence of hex A, which breaks down stuff in nerve-->blind
🗑
|
||||
| What is proteasosome? What is it supposed to do and what is the pathophysiology associated with it? | It is supposed to degrade misfolded proteins in brain-->cystic fibrosis
🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of nucleolous? | Makes mRNA
🗑
|
||||
| what the heck are telomers and how are they related to aging? | DNA at the tip of chromosomes, they lose function after a lot of growth, so cells don't divide...
🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of glucose in proteins and the cell in general? | creates more crosslinks, stiffness
🗑
|
||||
| What is progeria? | When you die at 13 because telomeres are shorter than usual
🗑
|
||||
| Werner syndrome? | rapid aging
🗑
|
||||
| What is the role of adenomas in cnacer? | it is the division of cell that leads to p 53 mutation
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
talkglitter2486