AP US Government and Politics Key Court Cases
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| Gibbons v. Ogden | (1824) - Ruled that federal regulations on interstate commerce were superior to state regulations.
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| Engel v. Vitale | (1962) - Ruled that government had no right to write prayers and require people to say them.
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| Gideon v. Wainwright | (1963) - Ruled that court-appointed lawyers must be provided to those who cannot afford them and who are facing at least six months in jail.
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| Heart of Alabama Motel v. United States | (1964) - Ruled that Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce extended to those activities that could harm interstate commerce.
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| Miranda v. Arizona | (1966) - Ruled that a person has the right to be made aware of their legal rights prior to being questioned.
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| Oregon v. Mitchell | (1970) - Ruled that Congress has the power to change the voting age in national elections, not state and local elections.
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| Roe v. Wade | (1973) - Ruled that states may regulate but not ban abortion.
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| United States v. Nixon | (1974) - Ruled that only conversations related to the duties of the presidency are covered by executive privilege.
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| Rostker v. Goldberg | (1981) - Ruled that Congress could omit women from the draft because women should not be put in combat and the purpose of the draft was to call up combat-ready troops.
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| Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton | (1995) - Ruled that random drug tests of student athletes did not violate student rights. The school district's interest in fighting drug abuse was greater than students' interests.
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| Clinton v. New York City | (1998) - Ruled that the line-item veto was unconstitutional because it gave the president the power to make budget decisions, a power reserved to Congress.
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| Gratz v. Bollinger/Grutter v. Bollinger | (2003) - Ruled that adding "points" for being a minority in a formulaic system of admissions to University of Michigan was unconstitutional. Ruled that using race as a factor in admissions to University of Michigan Law School was constitutional.
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