Chapter 1: Basic Word Structure
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| adenoidectomy | removal of adenoids
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| adenoid hypertrophy | excessive development of adenoids
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| alveolar | pertaining to an alveolus
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| bronchospasm | involuntary contraction of bronchial tube muscles
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| bronchiectasis | dilation of bronchial tubes
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| bronchodilator | substance that widens bronchial tubes
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| bronchiolitis | inflammation of bronchioles
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| hypercapnia | excessive carbon dioxide in the blood
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| pneumoconiosis | abnormal condition of dust in the lungs
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| cyanosis | bluish coloration of skin
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| epiglottitis | inflammation of the epiglottis
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| laryngeal | pertaining to the larynx
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| laryngospasm | contraction of muscles of the larynx
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| laryngitis | inflammation of the voice box
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| lobectomy | removal of a lobe of the lung
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| mediastinoscopy | visual examination of the mediastinum
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| paranasal sinuses | pertaining to spaces in the skull near the nose
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| nasogastric tube | tube placed from nose into stomach
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| orthopnea | breathing discomfort in any position except straight up
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| hypoxia | deficiency of oxygen due to decreased oxygen in blood
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| exporation | expulsion of material (mucus or phlegm)
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| pharyngeal | pertaining to the throat
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| dysphonia | difficult or abnormal voice
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| phrenic nerve | nerve carrying messages from brain to diaphragm
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| pleurodynia | pain from inflammation of pleura
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| pleural effusion | fluid collects in the pleural cavity
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| pneumothorax | air within the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs
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| pneumonectomy | removal of a lung
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| pulmonary | pertaining to lungs
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| rhinorrhea | discharge from the nose
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| rhinoplasty | surgical repair of the nose
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| sinusitis | inflammation of sinuses
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| spirometer | instrument to measure breathing
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| expiration | expulsion of air from the lungs
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| respiration | breathing
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| atelectasis | incomplete expansion of a lung
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| thoracotomy | incision of the chest
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| thoracic | pertaining to the chest
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| tonsillectomy | removal of tonsils
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| tracheotomy | incision of the trachea
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| tracheal stenosis | pertaining to narrowing of trachea
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| empyema | pus in the pleural cavity
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| anosmia | absence of the sense of smell
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| apnea | stoppage of breathing
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| dyspnea | difficult breathing
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| hyperpnea | increase in depth of breathing
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| tachypnea | increase in rate of breathing
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| hemoptysis | spitting up blood
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| asphyxia | decrease in oxygen & increase in CO2 in blood - no pulse
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| hemothorax | blood in pleural cavity
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| pyothorax | pus in pleural cavity
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| auscultation | listening to sounds within the body
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| percussion | tapping on surface to determine density differences
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| pleural rub | scratchy sound by pleural surfaces
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| rales | abnormal crackling sounds in alveoli
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| sputum | material expelled from chest
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| purulent | containing pus - sputum
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| stridor | strained, high-pitched sound on inspiration
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| croup | acute viral infection
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| diphtheria | acute infection of throat
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| epistaxis | nosebleed
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| pertussis | bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, trachea
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| bronchiectasis | chronic dilation of a bronchus (secondary)
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| atelectasis | collapsed,airless lung
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| pneumoconiosis | abnormal condition caused by dust in lungs
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| pulmonary abscess | large collection of pus in lungs
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| pulmonary edema | swelling and fluid in air sacs and bronchioles
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| pulmonary embolism (PE) | clot in vessels of lung
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| pulmonary infarction | area of dead (necrotic) tissue
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| pulmonary fibrosis | formation of scar tissue in connective tissue
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| sarcoidosis | chronic inflammation causing tubercles to develop
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| mesothelioma | rare malignant tumor in pleura
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| pleural effusion | abnormal accumulation of fluid in pleural space
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| pleurisy (pleuritis) | inflammation of the pleura
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| pneumothorax | collection of air in pleural space
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| exudate | fluid, cells, substances slowly leave cell through pores or breaks in cell membranes
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| hydrothorax | collection of fluid in pleural cavity
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| palliative | relieving symptoms, but not curing
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| paroxysmal | sudden spasm or seizure
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| silicosis | silica or glass dust in lungs
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| thoracentesis | surgical puncture removing fluid from pleural space
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| tube thoracostomy | chest tube in chest to continuously drain pleural effusion
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| ABGs | arterial blood gases
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| AFB | acid-fast bacillus
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| ARDS | adult respiratory distress syndrome
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| BAL | bronchial aveolar lavage
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| Bronch | bronchoscopy
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| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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| CPAP | continuous positive airway pressure
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| CTA | clear to auscultation
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| CXR | chest x-ray
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| DLco | diffusion in capacity of lung for carbon monoxide
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| DOE | dyspnea on exertion
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| DPI | dry powder inhaler
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| DPT | diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
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| FEV 1 | Forced expirations volume in first second
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| FVC | forced vital capacity
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| LLL | left lower lobe
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| LUL | left upper lobe
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| MDI | metered-dose inhaler
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| NIV | noninvasive ventilation
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| NSCLC | non-small cell lung cancer
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| OSA | obstructive sleep apnea
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| PaCO2 | carbon dioxide partial pressure
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| PaO2 | oxygen partial pressure
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| PCP | Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
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| PE | pulmonary embolism
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| PEEP | positive end expiratory pressure
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| PFTs | pulmonary function tests
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| PND | paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
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| PPD | purified protein derivative
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| RDS | respiratory distress syndrome
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| RLL | right lower lobe
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| RSV | respiratory syncytial virus
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| RUL | right upper lobe
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| SCLC | small cell lung cancer
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| SIMV | synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation
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| SOB | shortness of breath
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| Root | Foundation of the word
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| Suffix | word ending
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| Combining Vowel | usually O
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| Prefix | the small part that is attached to the begining of a term.
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| Combining form | combination of the root and the combining vowel.
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| aden/o | gland
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| arthr/o | joint
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| bi/o | life
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| carcin/o | cancerous, cancer
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| cardi/o | heart
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| cephal/o | head
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| cerebr/o | cerebrum (largest part of the brain)
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| cis/o | to cut
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| crin/o | to secrete(to form and give off)
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| cyst/o | urinary bladder; a sac or a cyst (sac containing fluid)
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| cyt/o | cell
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| derm/o | skin
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| dermat/o | skin
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| electr/o | electricity
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| encephal/o | brain
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| enter/o | intestines (usually the small intestine)
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| erythr/o | red
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| gastr/o | stomach
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| glyc/o | sugar
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| gnos/o | knowledge
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| gynec/o | woman, female
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| hemat/o | blood
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| hem/o | blood
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| hepat/o | liver
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| iatr/o | treatment, physician
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| leuk/o | white
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| log/o | study of
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| nephr/o | kidney
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| neur/o | nerve
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| onc/o | tumor
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| ophthalm/o | eye
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| oste/o | bone
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| path/o | disease
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| ped/o | child
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| psych/o | mind
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| radi/o | x-rays
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| ren/o | kidney
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| rhin/o | nose
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| sarc/o | flesh
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| sect/o | to cut
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| thromb/o | clot, clotting
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| ur/o | urinary tract, urine
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| -ac | pertaining to
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| -al | pertaining to
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| -algia | pain
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| -cyte | cell
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| -ectomy | excision, removal
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| -emia | blood condition
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| -genic | pertaining to, produce,produced by, or produced in
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| -globin | protein
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| -gram | record
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| -ic, -ical | pertaining to
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| -ion | process
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| -ist | specialist
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| -itis | inflammation
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| -logy | process of study
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| -oma | tumor, mass, swelling
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| -opsy | process of viewing
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| -osis | condition, usually abnormal (slight increase in numbers when used with white blood cells)
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| -pathy | disease condition
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| -scope | instrument to visually examine
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| -scopy | process of visually examining with an endoscope
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| -sis | state of; condition
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| -y | process, condition
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| a- | no, not, without
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| an- | no, not, without
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| aut- | self, own
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| auto- | self, own
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| dia- | through, complete
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| end- | within
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| endo- | within
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| epi- | above, upon
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| ex- exo- | out, outside of, outward
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| hyper- | deficient, below, under, less than normal
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| in- | into, in
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| peri- | surrounding, around
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| pro- | before, forward
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| re- | back, backward, again
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| retro- | behind
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| sub- | below, under
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| trans- | across, through
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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