behavioral psychology terminology
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| Five A's of patient counseling | Assess, Advise, Agree, Assist, Arrange
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| Freud's conscious mind | part of mind in which perceptions come from outside world/from within mind or body are brought into awareness; active attention; communicated by language/behavior; thinking dominated by rationality/logic
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| Freud's preconscious mind | mental events that can be brought into conscious awareness by focusing attention; interfaces w/ conscious & unconscious mind; maintains repression barrier
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| getting from unconscious-->conscious | unconscious content linked with words-->becomes preconscious-->becomes conscious
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| Freud's unconscious mind | content & process part of mind that's kept from conscious awareness through censorship/repression; closely related to instinctual drives; non rational thought w/o concern for logic/consistency (primary); must enter into preconscious to become conscious
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| Freud's instinctual drives | sexual, aggressive, self preservation instincts/wishes
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| Freud's topographic model (pre structural model) | primary & secondary thought processes, existence of dynamic unconscious, tendency toward regression under frustrating circumstances, importance of instinctual wish fulfillment
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| Freud's structural model | Id, Ego, Superego; groupings of mental forces; functions can overlap & join
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| Id | mental representations of drives
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| Ego | executant agent of mind (CEO)
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| Superego | mental representations of self judgment, self punishment, ideal aspirations
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| Id structural model | id-disorganized instinctual drives; primitive sexual & aggressive wishes; primary process thinking; can't delay/modify instinctual drives (pleasure principle-want what it want when I want it)
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| Superego structural model | moral conscience; ideal aspirations of individual; attempts to wreak out punishment for failure to meet its standards (guilt, self-defeating); exquisitely individual; scrutiny=largely unconscious
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| Ego structural model | functions that orient person toward external world; receives, organizes, interprets stimuli from internal & external sources; integrates drives w/ moral & practical considerations
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| Ego structural characteristics | spans all topographic dimensions; secondary process thinking at conscious/preconscious level; maximize pleasure, minimize pain; development enriched by acquired coping methods (through identification); defense mechanisms are unconscious
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| ego functions | thought, memory, language, sense perception, learning, motor action, reality testing, problem solving, judgment, defense, adaptation; ego can inhibit/stop operation of functions & regress to more primitive levels of functioning
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| intrapsychic conflict | primitive drive wishes of id want expression, feared consequences associated w/ satisfying wishes; demands of superego for "right" behavior; need to meet pressures of external envt
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| ego and intrapsychic conflict | ego will try managing conflict by allowing some drive expression, modulates unpleasure, softens superego demands, deals w/ external reality (defense mechanisms help manage unpleasure)
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| ego defense mechanisms | mental processes of ego-occur as unconscious processes; eliminate/minimize danger of impending psychic pain; narcissistic, immature, neurotic, & mature (characterizations)
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| acting out (defense mechanism) | expressing unconscious wish/impulse through action to avoid being conscious of accompanying feeling; giving in to impulse to avoid tension of postponing
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| affiliation (defense mechanism) | turning to others for help or support (sharing problems but not trying to make someone else responsible)
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| aim inhibition (defense mechanism) | placing a limitation upon instinctual demands; accepting partial or modified fulfillment of desires
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| altruism (defense mechanism) | dedication to meeting the needs of others; individual receives gratification vicariously or from response of others
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| anticipation (defense mechanism) | realistically anticipation or planning for future inner discomfort; emotional reactions in anticipation of possible future events-consideration of realistic alternatives
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| asceticism (defense mechanism) | eliminating pleasurable aspects of experience; gratification derived from renunciation
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| autistic fantasy (defense mechanism) | daydreaming; indulging in 'autistic' retreat to resolve conflict and to obtain gratification
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| avoidance (defense mechanism) | refusal to encounter situations, objects, or activities because they represent unconscious sexual or aggressive impulses and/or punishment for those impulses
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| compensation (defense mechanism) | encountering failure or frustration in one sphere, person overemphasizes another (overcorrecting)
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| controlling (defense mechanism) | attempting to manage or regulate events or objects in envt to minimize anxiety and to resolve inner conflicts
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| conversion (defense mechanism) | conflicts are represented by physical symptoms involving portions of the body innervated by sensory or motor nerves (ex: blindness w/ no biological reason); only mechanism that is always pathological
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| denial (defense mechanism) | failing to recognize obvious implications or consequences of a thought, act, or situation; abolishes external reality
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| devaluation (defense mechanism) | attributing exaggerated negative qualities to the self or others
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| displacement (defense mechanism) | shifting an emotion or drive from one idea or object to another that resembles the original in some manner; allows for symbolic representation of the original idea or object by one that's less important/evokes less distress
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| dissociation (defense mechanism) | splitting off a group of thoughts or activities from the main portion of consciousness to avoid emotional distress
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| distortion (defense mechanism) | reshaping external reality (in small or significant ways) to suit inner needs
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| externalization (defense mechanism) | perceiving in the external world and others elements of onesself
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| fixation (defense mechanism) | cessation of process of personality development at a stage short of complete and uniform mature independence
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| help-rejecting complaining (defense mechanism) | complaining/repeatedly requesting help to disguise covert feelings, hostility, or reproach towards others; then express by rejecting suggestions
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| humor (defense mechanism) | emphasizing amusing/ironic aspects of conflict w/o personal discomfort or immobilization (allows toleration with focus on unpleasant)
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| idealization (defense mechanism) | overestimation of desirable qualities and underestimation of limitations of a desired object
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| identification (defense mechanism) | unconscious modeling of one's self upon another person or identifying with values and attitudes of a group (conscious analogs=imitation & volitional conformation)
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| incorporation (defense mechanism) | form of introjection; taking into the mind the attributes of another person
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| intellectualization (defense mechanism) | excessive use of intellectual processes (abstract thinking) to avoid expression/experience of feelings
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| introjection (defense mechanism) | internalizing the qualities of an object (ex: parent becomes almost literally a part of the child)
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| isolation (defense mechanism) | splitting-off or separating a thought from the feeling that accompanies it; common in ppl w/ OCD
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| omnipotence (defense mechanism) | acting as if one possesses special powers or abilities and is superior to others
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| passive aggression (defense mechanism) | indirectly/unassertively expressing aggression toward others; facade of overt compliacne masking covert resistance
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| projection (defense mechanism) | attributing one's thoughts or impulses to another person; limited to unacceptable/undesirable impulses; reacting to unacceptable inner impulses as though they were outside the self
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| projective identification (defense mechanism) | attributing thoughts/impulses to another person & then trying to control the person (defending against disowned aspects of self)
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| rationalization (defense mechanism) | offering socially acceptable/less logical explanations for act/decision actually produced by unconscious impulses; misleading to self as well as to listener
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| reaction formation (defense mechanism) | transforming unacceptable impulse into its opposite; intentional efforts to compensate for conscious dislikes/prejudices
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| regression (defense mechanism) | reverting to lower level of adaptation & expression to avoid tension & conflict evoked at present level of development
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| repression (defense mechanism) | involuntary exclusion of painful/conflictual thought, impulse, or memory from awareness; primary ego defense mechanism
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| resistance (defense mechanism) | deep-seated opposition to bringing of repressed (unconsciousness) data to awareness; one seeks to avoid memories/insights that woudl arouse anxiety
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| self-assertion (defense mechanism) | expressing feelings & thoughts directly in a way that is not coercive or manipulative
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| somatization (defense mechanism) | conflicts are represented by physical symptoms of symp/para NS; converting psych derivatives into bodily symptoms
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| splitting (defense mechanism) | dissociation/denial of some aspect of a situation or person to prevent ambivalent feelings; all good or all bad
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| sublimation (defense mechanism) | attenuating force of an instinctual drive by using the energy in other, usually constructive activities
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| substitution (defense mechanism) | securing alternative/substitutive gratification comparable to those that would have been employed had frustration not occurred
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| suppression (defense mechanism) | conscious analog of repression; intentional exclusion of material from consciousness; issues postponed but not avoided
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| symbolization (defense mechanism) | 'simple' object or act represents a more complex group of objects & acts, some of which may be conflictual or unacceptable to the ego
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| undoing (defense mechanism) | act or communication which partially negates a previous one
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