musculoskeletal
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| Function of skeleton | protects body organs & hemopoietic tissue
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| What mineral is stored in bone | calcium
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| What makes up bone matrix | calcium salts
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| What is the name of the tissue that covers joint surfaces where bone meets bone | articular cartilage
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| What is the name of the tissue/membrane that covers the shaft of bones | periosteum
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| Cells in bone matrix that produce are called | osteoblasts
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| Cells in bone matrix that reabsorb are called | osteoclasts
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| What is the hemopoietic tissue inside of the bone | red bone marrow
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| What is it called when cartilage turns to bones | ossification
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| What are the 2 divisions of the axial | axial and appendicular
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| What is the axial made up of | skull, vertebral column and rib cage
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| What is the appendicular made up of | arms, legs, shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle
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| Without stress bone can lose what | calcium
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| How many vertebrae are there in the thoracic | 12
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| How many vertebrae are there in the lumbar | 5
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| How many vertebrae are there in the cervical | 7
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| How many vertebrae are there in the coccygeal | 4-5 fused to 1
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| How many vertebrae are there in the sacral | 5 fused to 1
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| What is the first cervical vertebrae called | atlas
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| What is the second cervical vertebrae called | axis
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| What is the medical word for shoulder blade | scapula
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| What is the medical word for collar bone | clavical
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| What is the medical word for kneecap | patella
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| What is the medical word for shin bone | tibia
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| What is the medical word for breastbone | sternum
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| What are the 3 parts that make up the sternum | manubrium, body of sternum and xiphoid process
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| Which bone of the forearm articulates with the humerus and forms the elbow joint | ulna
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| Which bone in the lower leg articulates with the knee and forms the knee joint | tibia
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| Which bone stabilizes the ankle and allows for muscle attachment | fibula
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| What is the medical word for the tarsal that forms the heelbone | calcaneus
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| What kind of joint has no movement | Synarthrosis joint (ex. skull)
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| What kind of joint has a lot of movement | Diarthrosis joint
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| What kind of joint has little movement | Amphiarthrosis joint (ex. vertebrae)
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| Muscle cells are specialised for what | contraction
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| Two functions of the muscular system are | move skeleton and produce heat
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| Fibers of tendon produce coverage with what membrane to cover muscle | fascia
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| What does antagostic muscle action refer to | opposite
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| What does synergistic muscle action refer to | same
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| What is muscle tone | state of contraction
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| What is isotonic | when there is movement and muscle contraction
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| What is isometric | when there is no movement and some muscle contraction
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| What is muscle sense | Brain knows where muscles are and doing without you looking
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| What is muscle fatigue | lactic acid built up in muscles
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| Two contractile proteins that cause contraction are | myocin and actin
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| Two contractile proteins that stop contraction are | tropnin and tropomyosin
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| An increase in angle of joint is called | Extension
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| A decrease in angle of joint is called | flexion
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| To move closer to midline of body is called | adduction
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| To move away from midline of body is called | abduction
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| What is it called when palms are down | pronation
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| What is it called when palms are up | supination
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| To elevate foot with toes pointing outward is called | dorsiflexion
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| Name the long bones | tibia, ulna, radius, humerus, femur
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| Name the flat bones | ribs, shoulder blade, skull, hip bones, pelvis
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| Name the short bones | carpals and tarsals
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| Name the irregular bones | vertebrae and facial
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| Which bones have compact bone on the outside | all bones
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| Which bones have spongy bone on the inside | all bones
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| Which bones have diaphysis | long bones
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| What is the end of the bones called | epiphysis
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| What is the medical term for growth plates | epiphyseal disc
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| Which kind of bone has yellow marrow | long bone
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| What is an osteocyte | bone cell
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| What is the composition of a long bone | spongy bone and compact bone
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| Bones in an embryo are first made up of what | cartilage
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| Name the vitamins involved in bone growth and formation | A, C and D
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| Name the 3 bones in the ear | malleus, incus and stapes
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| The vertebral column protects what | spinal cord
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| Name the muscles for injection sites | deltoid, gluteus medius and vastus lateralis
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| A break in the radius within 1" of joint of wrist is what kind of fracture | Colles fracture
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| A break in fibula near the ankle joint is what kind of fracture | Potts fracture
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| A break in the bottom of a skull is what kind of fracture | Basal skull fracture
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| In the knee what is the meniscus ligament that is more restrictive and injured faster | medial meniscus
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| What is the name of the ligament on top of knee that usually gets torn with the meniscus | anterior cruciate ligament
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| What does ROM mean | range of motion
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| What is compact bone | made up of haversian system which are cylindrical
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| What is spongy bone | contains osteocytes, bone matrix but not haversian system and oftens contains red bone marrow
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| What is an osteocyte | bone cell which regulates amount of calcium deposited or removed from bone matrix
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| What is bone matrix | made of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate
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| Which bones are made of spongy bone covered with compact bone | all bones
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| Which bones consist of a diaphysis made of compact bone and epiphysis | long bones
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| Which bones consist of spongy bone and contains red bone marrow | short, flat and irregular
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| Which bones consist of a marrow canal and usually have yellow bone marrow | long bones
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| What is the function of the vertebral column | to connect trunk to head and to protect spinal cord from injury
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| What is the specific instrument used to view inside of a joint | arthroscope
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| Lyme disease is caused by what species | Borrelia burgdorferi
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| What 2 dietary modifications should be advised to paatient with an acute episode of gout | decrease proteins and increase fluids
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| What 2 primary muscular skeletal structures are involved in shin splints | periosteum and extensor muscles
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| What is the medical term for calcaneal or heel spurs | plantar fascitis
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| What bacteria is responsible for 90% of cases of osteomyelitis | Staphylococcus auerus
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| What surgical technique is used to repair two ends of a severed tendon | tenorrhaphy
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| What is gout | disorder of uric acid metabolism
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| What is osteitis deformans | disorder affecting side and shape of bones
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| what is Marfan's syndrome | is inherited, abnormal connective tissue, very long bones
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| What is osteoporosis | loss of bone density
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| What is osteoarthritis | breakdown and eventual loss of cartilage of joints
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| What is osteomalacia | defective mineralization of bones of adults
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| What is rickets | when osteomalacia occurs in children & impacts growing skeleton
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| What is hallux valgus | enlargement of 1st MTP joint (inward position of great toe)
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| what is hallus rigidis | degeneration of 1st MTP joint (stiff great toe and may lead to bone spurs)
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| What is adhesive capsulitis | inflammation of capsule surrounding shoulder joint (frozen shoulder)
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| What is a sprain | tear of ligament
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| What is a strain | stretching of tendon, muscle or other tissue
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| What is fibromyalgia | pain with stiffness, tenderness of muscles, tendons and joints
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| What is articular cartilage | covers smooth bone surface at joint end
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| What is synovial membrane | lines joint capsule secreting synovial fluid into cavity (inside)
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| What is synovial fluid | thick, slippery fluid that prevents friction within the cavity as bones move (doesn't allow for heat to build up and reduces friction)
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| What is a bursae | small sacs of synovial fluid between joints and tendons crossing over joints and tendons (gives gliding environment)
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| What is a joint capsule | made of fibrous connection tissue enclosed in joint (encloses joint)
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| To lower foot with toes pointing downwards is called | plantar flexion
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| Which vertebrae are the largest & strongest | Lumbar
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| What is the one bone in the neck called | hyoid
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| How many carpal bones in the wrist | 8
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| How many tarsal bones in the ankle | 7
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