Exam Questions for the AICP Test November 2010
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| show | The Court found that a state law regulating pricing did not constitute a taking. The Court established the principle of public regulation of private businesses in the public interest.
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| United States v. Gettysburg Electric Railway Company 1896 | show 🗑
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| show | The Court established the right of municipalities to regulate building height.
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| Eubank v. City of Richmond 1912 | show 🗑
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| show | Court first approved the regulation of land uses. The brickyard was prohibited because it was causing adverse health effects in LA. “There must be progress, and if in its march private interests are in the way they must yield to the good of the community.
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| Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon 1922 | show 🗑
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| show | Court found that the exclusion of business, trade, apartment buildings from residential districts was legitimate as a police power. First supreme court case to deal with zoning and validate police power as a way to initiate it.
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| show | The Court used a rational basis test to strike down a zoning ordinance because it had no valid public purpose (e.g., to promote the health, safety, morals, or welfare of the public).
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| Berman v. Parker 1954 | show 🗑
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| Spur Industries v. Del Webb Development (DWD) 1972 | show 🗑
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| show | The Court upheld a growth management system that awarded points to development proposals based on the availability of public utilities, drainage facilities, parks, road access, and firehouses.
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| show | The Court found that a community has the power to control lifestyle and values. The court upheld a regulation that prohibited more than two unrelated individuals from living together as a single family.
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| show | Mt Laurel had a zoning ord setting the min lot size to .5 acres for remaining undeveloped land and had exclusionary zoning that prohibited multifamily,mobile home,or low/moderate income housing. court req inclusionary zoning to produce affordable housing.
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| show | The Court upheld quotas on the annual number of building permits issued.
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| Associated Home Builders of Greater East Bay v. City of Livermore 1976 | show 🗑
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| show | The Court upheld a zoning scheme that decentralized sexually oriented businesses in Detroit.
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| show | Court reviewed zoning case that denied a rezoning of a property from single-family to multi-family.SC found there was insufficient evidence to prove the Village acted in a racially discriminatory manner and overturned the findings of previous two courts.
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| show | The Court found that a taking is based on the extent of the diminution of value, interference with investment backed expectations, and the character of the government action. Court found the NYC Landmark Preservation Law did not constitute a taking.
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| State v. Baker 1979 | show 🗑
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| Agins v. City of Tiburon 1980 | show 🗑
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| show | Without having approval for dev of tract under the ord, they brought sued city alleging the city had taken their property w/out compensation in violation of the 5 and 14 Amends, and seeking a declaration that the zoning ord were facially unconstitutional.
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| Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corporation 1982 | show 🗑
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| show | Court found that the regulation of signs was valid for aesthetic reasons as long as the ordinance does not regulate the content of the sign. If the regulation is based on sign content, it must be justified by a compelling governmental interest.
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| City of Renton v. Playtime Theaters, Inc. 1986 | show 🗑
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| show | Court found if a property is unusable for a period of time, then not only can the ordinance be set aside, but the property owner can subject the government to pay for damages.
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| show | The Court found that the enactment of regulations did not constitute a taking. The Act requires that 50 percent of the coal beneath four protected structures be kept in place to provide surface support. Coal Assoc alleged this constituted a taking.
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| show | Court found a taking had not occurred. The public utilities challenged a federal statute that authorized the Federal Communications Commission to regulate rents charged by utilities to cable TV operators for the use of utility poles.
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| show | Court found that regulations must serve a substantial public purpose and exactions are valid as long as the exaction and the project are reasonably related. The court also found that the CCC req to dedicate an easement for public beach was not reasonable.
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| Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council 1992 | show 🗑
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| Dolan v. Tigard 1994 | show 🗑
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| Dolan v. Tigard 1994 #2 | show 🗑
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| City of Boerne v. Flores 1997 | show 🗑
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| City of Monterey v. Del Monte Dunes at Monterey Ltd. 1999 | show 🗑
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| Palazzolo v. Rhode Island 2001 | show 🗑
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| show | Court found moratoria did not constitute a taking requiring compensation.
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| Lingle v. Chevron USA, Inc. 2005 | show 🗑
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| show | The Court ruled that a licensed radio operator that was denied conditional use permit for an antenna cannot seek damages because it would distort the congressional intent of the Telecommunications Act of 1996.
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| show | The Supreme Court ruled that a economic development is a valid use of eminent domain. The court found that it is not in a position to determine the amount or character of land needed for a particular public project.
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| Massachusetts v. EPA, Inc. 2006 | show 🗑
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| show | The Court found that the Army Corp of Engineers must determine whether there is a significant nexus between a wetland and a navigable waterway.
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| SD Warren v. Maine Board of Environmental Protection 2006 | show 🗑
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| Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego 1981 | show 🗑
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| show | The act permitted settlers to claim 160-acre parcels of public land on the condition that they reside on the land for five consecutive years. 1.6m homesteads were granted and 270m acres were privatized between 1862 and 1986-10% of all lands in the US.
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| show | Reformed earlier laws regarding tenement housing a required improved lighting, ventilation and toilets and running water in each unit. It outlawed the dumbbell design. Lawrence Veiller helped draft the act.
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| show | Set aside money from sales of semi-arid public lands for the construction of irrigation projects. Led to the eventual damming of nearly every major western river.
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| Antiquities Act 1906 | show 🗑
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| Standard State Zoning Enabling Act (SZEA) 1924 | show 🗑
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| Standard City Planning Enabling Act 1928 | show 🗑
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| Federal Home Loan Bank Act 1932 | show 🗑
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| show | established the US Grazing Service to manage the public rangelands, which was later merged with the General Land Office in 1946 to form the Bureau of Land Management.
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| National Housing Act 1934 | show 🗑
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| show | Enacted to conserve and develop Indian lands and resources, granted certain rights of home rule and provided for vocational education.
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| show | Predecessor of the National Historic Preservation Act and it declared for the first time “…that it is a national policy to preserve for public use historic sites, buildings, and objects of national significance”
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| US Resettlement Administration 1935 | show 🗑
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| Wagner-Steagall Housing Act 1937 | show 🗑
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| show | This was the first comprehensive housing bill. It initiated urban renewal, focusing on slum clearance, urban renewal and new housing construction.
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| National Interstate and Defense Highway Act 1956 | show 🗑
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| Urban Mass Transportation Act 1964 | show 🗑
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| show | created the legal definition of Wilderness in the United States and established a National Wilderness Preservation System of federally owned land. Prohibits all forms of mechanized transport within the wilderness boundaries.
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| Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act 1966 | show 🗑
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| National Historic Preservation Act 1966 | show 🗑
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| National Flood Insurance Act 1968 | show 🗑
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| show | This act was also known as the Fair Housing Act and was the first federal law prohibiting discrimination between sex, race, national origin, religion and familial status.
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| NEPA 1970 | show 🗑
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| Clean Air Act 1970 | show 🗑
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| Coastal Zone Management Act 1972 | show 🗑
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| show | Regulated water quality of lakes and rivers with a permit process. It set wastewater standards for industry and water quality standards for surface water contamination. It introduced a permit system for regulating point sources of pollution.
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| Endangered Species Act 1973 | show 🗑
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| show | Created statewide planning system and required identification of urban growth boundaries separating urban from rural areas.
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| show | Covers all water used for drinking, whether above or below ground, and sets standards.
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| show | Instituted CDBG program.Larger cities and urban counties-“entitlement communities,” required to prepare and submit “Consolidated Plan” that establishes goals for use of funds.Grantees required to hold public meetings to solicit input from community.
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| show | Established Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards for light trucks and passenger cars. Manufacturers can earn credits for exceeding standards.
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| show | authorized HUD to provide short-term assistance to help defray mortgage payments for persons temporarily unemployed or underemployed as the result of poor economic conditions.
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| Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 1976 | show 🗑
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| Toxic Substances Control Act 1976 | show 🗑
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| show | seeks to address discrimination in loans made to individuals and businesses. It was put in place to stop widespread practice of redlining of urban, low income minority neighborhoods.
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| Urban Park and Recreation Program Recovery Act 1978 | show 🗑
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| show | Created to protect people, families, communities and others from heavily contaminated toxic waste sites that have been abandoned. Created liability for persons discharging hazardous waste, taxed polluting industries to establish trust fund for the cleanup
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| show | Enacted to minimize federal program contribution to loss of farmlands, it developed standards for identifying the effects of such programs on the loss of farmland.
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| Land Evaluation and Site Assessment (LESA) 1981 | show 🗑
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| Coastal Barrier Resources Act 1982 | show 🗑
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| show | Required EPA to develop a regulatory program for the storage of hazardous substances and requires owners of tanks to prevent, detect and clean up an releases.
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| Low Income Housing Tax Credit 1986 | show 🗑
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| Community Right to Know Act 1986 | show 🗑
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| show | Established the Home Ownership Made Easy program-provided matching federal funds to local government expenditures for low-income housing needs. Jurisdictions must prepare a Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) to qualify to receive funds.
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| show | The ADA is a wide-ranging civil rights law that prohibits, under certain circumstances, discrimination based on disability. The act required that mass transit systems be accessible to those with physical disabilities
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| Americans with Disabilities Act 1991 | show 🗑
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| Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) 1991 | show 🗑
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| show | HUD plan meant to revitalize public housing projects into mixed-income developments. established to replace the many large-scale, low quality public housing projects with smaller, higher quality mixed income projects.
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| show | Provided federal control of pesticide distribution, sale and use. The Act required all users of pesticides to pass a certification exam in order to apply pesticide.
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| show | The program offers financial incentives for landowners to protect, restore, and enhance wetlands on their property. The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) administers the program with funding from the Commodity Credit Corporation.
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| Telecommunications Act 1996 | show 🗑
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| Housing Opportunity Extension Act 1996 | show 🗑
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| Transportation Equity Act (TEA-21) 1998 | show 🗑
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| show | prohibits the imposition of burdens on the ability of prisoners to worship as they please, as well as making it easier for churches and other religious institutions to avoid state restrictions on their property use through zoning laws.
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| show | The act reinforces the importance of planning to lessen the potential effects of a natural hazard. States and local governments are required to prepare plans that identify likely risks.
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| Manufactured Housing Improvement Act 2000 | show 🗑
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| First Model Tenement 1855 | show 🗑
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| Zion Cooperative Mercantile Institution 1868 | show 🗑
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| Riverside, IL 1868 | show 🗑
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| Yellowstone National Park 1872 | show 🗑
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| show | The availability of steel and the construction of the first safety elevator in NY, the high-rise building in Chicago was made feasible.
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| First Subway 1897 | show 🗑
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| Letchworth, England 1903 | show 🗑
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| Pelican Island 1903 | show 🗑
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| First National Conference on City Planning 1909 | show 🗑
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| Wacker’s Manual if the Plan of Chicago 1912 | show 🗑
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| show | The first zoning ordinance in the US was enacted in New York primarily to stop massive buildings such as the Equitable Building from preventing light and air from reaching the streets below. The ordinance covered the entire city and controlled land use, b
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| show | Harland Bartholomew was the first full time planner employed by an American City, St. Louis. He developed many of the early comprehensive plans.
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| First President of the AIP 1917 | show 🗑
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| French Quarter (Vieux Carre) 1921 | show 🗑
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| First Regional Planning Commission 1922 | show 🗑
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| First Off-Street Parking Requirements 1923 | show 🗑
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| show | In 1925, the American City Planning Institute and the National Conference on City Planning published the first issue of City Planning, the predecessor to the current Journal of the American Planning Association.
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| Cincinnati Plan 1925 | show 🗑
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| First Limited Access Highway 1926 | show 🗑
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| Charleston, SC 1931 | show 🗑
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| show | The TVA is a political entity, created to provide for unified and multipurpose rehabilitation and redevelopment of the Tennessee Valley, America’s most famous experiment in river-basin planning.
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| show | Used the construction of public works projects to prove employment, stabile purchasing power and improve public welfare. The PWA provided 85% of the cost of housing projects. The PWA was abolished in 1941 during WWII.
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| Park Forest, IL 1947 | show 🗑
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| Atlanta Metropolitan Council 1949 | show 🗑
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| show | Lexington and Fayette County enacted the first urban growth boundary in 1958.
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| The Urban General Plan 1964 | show 🗑
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| AIP Code of Ethics | show 🗑
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| show | , the first exam for AIP membership was administered.
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| Stewart B. McKinney Act 1987 | show 🗑
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