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| 1 big box is how many seconds? | .2s
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| 1 small box is how many seconds? | .04s
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| 1 big box has how many little boxes ? | 5
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| PR interval is how long and how many boxes? | .12-.2 s and 3-5 little boxes
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| Name two short PR interval diseases | Wolf Parkinson White (WPW) and Lang-Ganong-Levine (LGL)
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| What’s WPW | short PR; young adult’s bundle of kent when high catecholamines; delta wave encroaches
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| What’s LGL? | short PR; in James bundle
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| What is a long PR interval? | AV nodal blocks
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| How long is the QRS interval? | .4-.12 seconds
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| What are wide QRS pathologies? | vent. Tachycardia, L/R BBB
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| QT interval is how long? | .3-.4 s
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| Describe the limb leads (Einth. frontal p): angle, and degree and + vs - | 1RA-LA+ 0; 2RA-RF+ 60; 3LA-LF+120
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| Describe Augmented leads: | Unipolar leads; AVR-150,AVL -30, AVF +90 Frontal plane too
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| Describe V leads | aka Precordial leads v1-6; horizontal plane; R wave progression
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| What are the anterior leads and what pathologies do they look at? | V3 and V4; LAD
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| What are the lateral leads and what do they look at? | I, V5, V6; Lcx
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| What are the septal leads and what do they look at? | v1&V2; septal branch of LAD
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| What are the inferior leads and what do they do? | II, III, avF; RCA
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| What is the normal sinus rhythm between? | 60-100 bpm
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| Asdf | asdf
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| Atrial Flutter has what rate and what pattern? | 250-350; sawtooth
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| List some common atrial cell problems | PAC, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation
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| What are AV junctional problems? | Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, AV junctional (nodal blcks
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| What is lost in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia? | P waves (there’s continuous firing here)
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| What are ventricular cell problems? | PVCs, ventricular fib, ventricular tachycardia, v fib, torsades de pt.
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| Which ventricular cell problems fire from multiple foci? | Ventricular fib, sometimes PVCS,
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| QT interval should be what in relation to RR interval | Half of RR interval
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| PR interval should be what if normal? | less than .2
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| If PR interval is greater than .2 what might this indicate? | 1st degree AV block via prlonged conduction delay@ B of His
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| What’s 2nd AV blockI | winkiblock-PR interval progressively increases and then stops: P & no QRS: AV n. delays then fails
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| What’s 2nd AV block II? | P wave & no QRS; PR interval the same the whole time; Block in bundle of His
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| What’s 3rd AV block? | atria and ventricles don’t communicate-need pacemaker, P wave blocked, 30-45 bpm
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| ST segement elevation indicates what pathology? | Acute MI Q wave; transmural infarction
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| J point is what? | junction btw S and T waves: isoelectric
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| Which leads are inferior? | II, III, AVF
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| Which leads are lateral? | I, avL, V4-V6
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| Anterior leads are? | V2-V4
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| How do you determine posterior infarction? | R >S V1, V2, V3 and ST segment depression in those leads
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| How low is the heart rate in RCA occlusion? | less than 60bpm
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| What is an ST segment depression? | myocardial ischemia
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| What’s nonST elevation MI? | Non-q wave MI-subendocardial infarc. w/EKG changes w/time-ST depression=nonspecific
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| What is fibrosis distinguished by? | ST segments and T waves go back to normal but there are still Q waves
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| What is a T wave inversion indicative of? | And what is this called?
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| Time and amplitude of a normal Q wave are what? | < . 04 seconds & <25% amplitude of R wave
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| L ventricular hypertrophy identified by? | R wave in I + S in lead III> 25mm or tallest R in V5/6+deepest S in V1/2=35mm>
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| How is R Ven Hypertrophy ided? | V1 has r-s ratio >1 or R>5mm and S<2mm
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| R Atrial Enlarg. is dxed how? | II has P>2.5mm or V1 or V2 has a P wave of >1.5mm
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| PR interval should be what if normal? | less than .2
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| If PR interval is greater than .2 what might this indicate? | 1st degree AV block via prlonged conduction delay@ B of His
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| What’s 2nd AV blockI | winkiblock-PR interval progressively increases and then stops: P & no QRS: AV n. delays then fails
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| What’s 2nd AV block II? | P wave & no QRS; PR interval the same the whole time; Block in bundle of His
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| What’s 3rd AV block? | atria and ventricles don’t communicate-need pacemaker, P wave blocked, 30-45 bpm
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| ST segement elevation indicates what pathology? | Acute MI Q wave; transmural infarction
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| J point is what? | junction btw S and T waves: isoelectric
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| Which leads are inferior? | II, III, AVF
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| Which leads are lateral? | I, avL, V4-V6
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| Anterior leads are? | V2-V4
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| How do you determine posterior infarction? | R >S V1, V2, V3 and ST segment depression in those leads
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| How low is the heart rate in RCA occlusion? | less than 60bpm
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| What is an ST segment depression? | myocardial ischemia
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| What’s nonST elevation MI? | Non-q wave MI-subendocardial infarc. w/EKG changes w/time-ST depression=nonspecific
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| What is fibrosis distinguished by? | ST segments and T waves go back to normal but there are still Q waves
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| What is a T wave inversion indicative of? | And what is this called?
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| Time and amplitude of a normal Q wave are what? | < . 04 seconds & <25% amplitude of R wave
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| L ventricular hypertrophy identified by? | R wave in I + S in lead III> 25mm or tallest R in V5/6+deepest S in V1/2=35mm>
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| How is R Ven Hypertrophy ided? | V1 has r-s ratio >1 or R>5mm and S<2mm
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| R Atrial Enlarg. is dxed how? | II has P>2.5mm or V1 or V2 has a P wave of >1.5mm
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| Wandering pacemaker | # SA node to atrial foci; normal rate, but irregular P waves
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| Multifocal atrial tachycardia | #COPD patients rate >100 with irregular P waves (similar to wandering pacemaker)
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| Junctional Escape rhythm | #series of lone QRS complexes 60-80bpm; inverted P waves
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| Atrial escape rhythyms | P waves aren’t identical to the P wave before anymore: Paces 40-60 bpm
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| Ventricular escape rhythm | enormous QRS complexes 20-40 bpm; pt is unconscious: stokes-adams syndrome
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| Escape beat | transient focus escape; similar pattern
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| Premature beats | earlier than expected;
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| Atrial bigeminy | irregular P wave every other cycle
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| Atrial trigeminy | irregular P wave every third cycle
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| Premature ventricular Contraction (PVC) | have huge ventricular complex: opposite of QRS think coronary block; cocaine
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| V-tach | three or more PVCs in rapid succession
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| PR interval should be what if normal? | less than .2
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| If PR interval is greater than .2 what might this indicate? | 1st degree AV block via prlonged conduction delay@ B of His
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| What’s 2nd AV blockI | winkiblock-PR interval progressively increases and then stops: P & no QRS: AV n. delays then fails
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| What’s 2nd AV block II? | P wave & no QRS; PR interval the same the whole time; Block in bundle of His
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| What’s 3rd AV block? | atria and ventricles don’t communicate-need pacemaker, P wave blocked, 30-45 bpm
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| ST segement elevation indicates what pathology? | Acute MI Q wave; transmural infarction
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| J point is what? | junction btw S and T waves: isoelectric
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| Which leads are inferior? | II, III, AVF
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| Which leads are lateral? | I, avL, V4-V6
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| Anterior leads are? | V2-V4
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| How do you determine posterior infarction? | R >S V1, V2, V3 and ST segment depression in those leads
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| How low is the heart rate in RCA occlusion? | less than 60bpm
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| What is an ST segment depression? | myocardial ischemia
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| What’s nonST elevation MI? | Non-q wave MI-subendocardial infarc. w/EKG changes w/time-ST depression=nonspecific
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| What is fibrosis distinguished by? | ST segments and T waves go back to normal but there are still Q waves
🗑
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| What is a T wave inversion indicative of? | And what is this called?
🗑
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| Time and amplitude of a normal Q wave are what? | < . 04 seconds & <25% amplitude of R wave
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| L ventricular hypertrophy identified by? | R wave in I + S in lead III> 25mm or tallest R in V5/6+deepest S in V1/2=35mm>
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| How is R Ven Hypertrophy ided? | V1 has r-s ratio >1 or R>5mm and S<2mm
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| R Atrial Enlarg. is dxed how? | Tall P waves in II, III, and avF; II has P>2.5mm or V1 or V2 has a P wave of >1.5mm
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| Causes of Right atrial enlarge | Pulmonary htn; copd, RVH
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| L atrial enlargement | Notching in II >1 box; (-) deflection of P in V1-> 1 box wide and 1 box deep
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| Causes of LAE? | from LVH via HTN
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| BBB are what ? | Intraventricular conduction delays which manifest as long QRS
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| What do BBB look like? | 2 R waves R and R’bunny ears
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| Where are the R waves in R and L BBB? | V1 R and V6 L
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| What form can RBBB have? | RSR’ and R-R’
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| What is the length of complete BBB? | >.12
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