General Anesthetic Drugs
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Potency of the anesthetic agent is most related to? | lipid solubility
🗑
|
||||
| Most anesthetics increase the sensitivity of? | GABA-A and glycine receptors to GABA and glycine, respectively
🗑
|
||||
| Most anesthetics also generally inhibit the activity of excitatory transmitters such as? | acetylcholine (Nicotinic) and serotonin.
🗑
|
||||
| Ketamine and nitrous oxide inhibit ____ activity? | glutamate
🗑
|
||||
| Partial pressure is? | the pressure exerted by a gas in a mixture of gases (Dalton's Law). For our purposes it is a measure of the concentration of a gas
🗑
|
||||
| Blood/Gas partition coefficient is? | measure of the solubility of an anesthetic gas in the blood
🗑
|
||||
| The speed of induction and emergence (recovery) is determined by the rate of? | change of the partial pressure (concentration) of the gas in the brain, which is determined by the partial pressure of the gas in arterial blood
🗑
|
||||
| The best correlation with speed of induction is? | with blood/gas partition coeffcient (inverse correlation)
🗑
|
||||
| Halothane has blood/gas coefficient of ___ and a rapidity of onset of___? | 2.3, 3
🗑
|
||||
| N2O has blood/gas coefficient of ___ and a rapidity of onset of___? | .47, 1
🗑
|
||||
| MAC is defined as? | the Minimal Alveolar Concentration that will block movement of 50% of patients in response to incision
🗑
|
||||
| How is the potency of anesthetic gases expressed? | MAC
🗑
|
||||
| Lipid/Gas coefficient is related to? | potency
🗑
|
||||
| Blood/gas coefficient is related to? | speed of onset
🗑
|
||||
| MAC correlates with? | lipid/gas partition coefficient (low MAC indicates high lipid/gas solubility)
🗑
|
||||
| N20 has MAC of ___ and a lipid/gas coefficient of___? | 105, 1.4
🗑
|
||||
| Why is N20 considered an "incomplete anesthetic"? | because it can’t produce all stages of anesthesia without producing hypoxia because its MAC is 105%.
🗑
|
||||
| The therapeutic index for most general anesthetics is? | low, 2-4, which indicates low margin of safety
🗑
|
||||
| What are the characteristics of an ideal general anesthetic? | Provide a smooth and rapid induction of unconsciousness;
Produce amnesia;
Block troublesome reflexes;
Produce skeletal muscle relaxation;
Produce analgesia;
Provide a smooth and rapid emergence and recovery without long lasting adverse effects.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the pre-anesthetic effect of midolazam? | Reduce anxiety, Sedation, Amnesia, “Conscious sedation”
🗑
|
||||
| What is the pre-anesthetic effect of atropine/glycopyrollate (robinul)? | Inhibit secretion, bradycardia, vomiting, and laryngospasms
🗑
|
||||
| What is the pre-anesthetic effect of Opioid analgesics? | Sedation to decrease tension, anxiety, and provide analgesia
🗑
|
||||
| What are the general pharmacological effects of anesthetics gases on the CNS? | dose dependent depression of all portions of CNS. Order of sensitivity (most to least) is RAS and cortex > hippocampus > basal ganglia > cerebellum > spinal cord > medulla (irregularly descending anesthesia)
🗑
|
||||
| What are the general pharmacological effects of anesthetics gases on the ANS? | Inhibition of sympathetics;
Stimulation of parasympathetics;
Nausea and vomiting
🗑
|
||||
| What are the general pharmacological effects of anesthetics gases on the cardiovascular system? | Dose related negative inotropic effect; decreased BP; Arrhythmias; Sensitization to circulating catecholamines
🗑
|
||||
| What are the general pharmacological effects of anesthetics gases on the respiratory system? | Dose dependent depression of medullary respiratory center
🗑
|
||||
| What are the general pharmacological effects of anesthetics gases on the thermoregulatory system? | Altered thermoregulatory control induced hypothermia d/t anesthesia of the hypothalamus and reduced metabolic rate
🗑
|
||||
| Anesthetic gas responsible for developing an induced hepatitis? | halothane
🗑
|
||||
| First non-explosive alternative to ether? | halothane
🗑
|
||||
| an isomer of enflurane that is a commonly used anesthetic for adults? | isoflurane
🗑
|
||||
| A rarely used gas similar to isoflurane, except has increased risk of seizures? | enflurane
🗑
|
||||
| Anesthetic gas similar to isoflurane except has faster emergence and increased airway irritation? | desflurane
🗑
|
||||
| Anesthetic gas similar to desflurance but less irritating to airway? | sevoflurane
🗑
|
||||
| dissociative anesthetic similar to PCP? | ketamine
🗑
|
||||
| What is ketamines MOA? | blocks NMDA receptors inducing a "dissociative" state
🗑
|
||||
| IV anesthetic agent used for brief procedures in ER | etomidate
🗑
|
||||
| IV anesthetic used in ICU for patients requiring prolonged intubation | dexmedetomidine (Precedex)
🗑
|
||||
| a carboxylated imidazole | etomidate
🗑
|
||||
| a substituted isopropylphenol | propofol
🗑
|
||||
| IV anesthetic that decreases the rate of dissociation of GABA from its receptors, thereby increasing the duration of GABA-activated opening of chloride channels, with resulting hyperpolarization of cell membranes | propofol
🗑
|
||||
| How is propofol cleared? | tissue reuptake (redistribution)
🗑
|
||||
| Dosage for propofol for induction? | 1.5 - 2.5 mg/kg IV
🗑
|
||||
| MOA of barbituates? | mimic the activation of GABA receptors
🗑
|
||||
| How is thiopental cleared? | redistribution and metabolism however large or repeated doses of thiopental may saturate inactive tissue sites resulting in prolonged effects.
🗑
|
||||
| Which is cleared faster: thiopental or etomidate? | Etomidate is cleared 5 times faster
🗑
|
||||
| a phencyclidine derivative? | ketamine
🗑
|
||||
| What receptor does ketamine NOT interact with? | GABA
🗑
|
||||
| T or F: All inhaled anesthetics depress the CV system. | F. N2O produces sympathetic stimulation
🗑
|
||||
| What drug increases the neuromuscular blocking effects of isoflurane? | polymyxin B sulfate
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
psfisher50
Popular Pharmacology sets