Aristotle's poetics
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| what are the 4 elements of a good character? | 1. make them good 2. make them appropriate 3. make them realistic 4. make them consistent
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| why did poetry develop? | people are born/love to imitate
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| what is always preferable to an "unconvincing possibility"? | a convincing impossibility
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| what are the 6 parts of every tragedy? | plot, thought, melodoy, spectacle, character, and diction
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| definition of tragedy | "the imitation of an actor that is serious and complete in itself, with incidents arousing pity and fear, wherewith to accomplish its catharsis."
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| what 2 original groups did poetry divide into? | tragedy and comedy
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| what are the 3 forms of characters to be avoided? | 1. a good man passing from happiness to misery 2. a bad man passing from misery to happiness 3. an extremely bad man falling from happiness to misery
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| definition of peripety | a change from one state to its opposite
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| what 2 emotions is tragedy supposed to create? | fear and pity
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| pity is created because | it is undeserved
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| fear is created because | it could happen to us
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| complex plot | -peripity and discovery
-complicated twists and turns (change in fortune w/ reversal or recognition)
—preferred type of plot
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| definition of discovery | a change from ignorance to knowledge
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| what is more important: actions or character's personalities? | actions
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| catharsis | a purging of emotion; in a tragedy: tying up of loose ends, feeling of relief
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| history vs. tragedy | history-deals w/ something that has been
tragedy-deals w/something that might be
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| why do we pity the character? | his punishment is undeserved
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| simple plot | straightforward (change in fortune without reversal or recognition)
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| if you have to include something in the plot that is unlikely | include it outside of the play (reported by messengers, or have it previously occurred chronologically)
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| everything in the play must be (reasonable, unreasonable) | reasonable (it has to make sense)
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| why did poetry develop? | people like imitation
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| why do people like imitation | "learning is one of the greatest pleasures, no matter how small the capacity for it is."
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| how is poetry imitation | by means of language, rhythm and harmony
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| comedy | -Ignoble (immoral)
-Invective (criticizing)
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| Tragedy | -Noble
-Panegyric
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| beginnings & endings are (definate, ambigous) | definate
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| the plot is (concise, long-winded) | concise
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| the plot is (unified, disjointed) | unified
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| the plot is (in need of a sequel, complete in itself) | complete in itself
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| how do you write a plot? | Start with something simple and improve upon it later
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| best types of discovery | -surprise
-probable discovery by accident
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| worst type of discovery | discovery through signs (memories, reasoning, pictures, etc)
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| plot must include suffering | -3rd part of plot
-actions of destruction or painful nature
-ex. murders, torture, or wounds
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| Tragedy should arouse ____ and ____, and the incidents should be __________ and __________ | pity & fear; unexpected & intentional
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| names used in tragedies | historically accurate & recognizable
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| names used in comedy | can come from anywhere
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| poetry describes what _______ happen | may
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