AP Elements of Poetry:Literature and composition
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| Figurative Language | language that cannot be taken literally
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| tone | the writers or speakers attitude toward the subject, the reader, of herself/ him self
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| denotation | the dictionary meaning of a word
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| connotation | what a word suggests beyond its meaning
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| imagery | the representation through language of sense experiance
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| foot | the basic unit of a meter, usually consisting of two syllables
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| stanza | a group of metrical lines whose metrical pattern is repeated trough out a poem
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| substitution | replacing the regular foot with a different one
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| extra syllable | an added beginning or ending in a line of poetry
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| elision | the omission of an unaccented syllable at the beginning or end of a line of poetry
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| scansion | the process of defining the metrical form of a poem
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| blank verse | unrhymed iambic pentameter
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| iambic pentameter | a line of poetry consisting of five iambs
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| iamb | a disyllabic foot in which the first syllable is unaccented and the second is accented
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| trochee | a disyllabic foot in which the first syllable is accented and the second is unaccented
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| phyrrhic | a disllabic foot in which both syllables are unaccented
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| spondee | a disyllabic foot in which both syllables are accented
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| simile | a means of comparing that are unalike using words such as like or as than similair to or resembles or seems
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| metaphor | a means of comparing things that are unalike by substituting a figurative term for a literal term
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| personification | giving a object human traits
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| apostrophe | a digression in the form of an address to someone not present, or to a personified object or idea, as “O Death, where is thy sting
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| metonymy | the use of something closely related for the thing actually meant
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| meter | organized rhythme
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| free verse | poetry that has no organized rhythme beyond line breaks
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| caesura | a pause within a line
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| enjambent | when the sense of the line moves with out pause into the next line
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| end stopping | when the end of a line corresponds with a natural speech pause
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| accent/stress | a syllable that is given more prominence than others in pronuciation
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| rhythme | any wavelike recurrence of motion or sound
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| symbol | something that means more than it is
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| allegory | a narrative or description that has a second meaning beneath the surface
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| paradox | an apparent contradiction that is nevertheless somehow true
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| hyperbole | an exaggeration in the service of truth
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| understatment | saying less than what one means
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| irony | meanings that extend beyond their use merely as a figure of speech
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| sarcasm | bitter or cutting speech
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| satire | a literally work holding up human vices and follies to ridicule
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| allusion | a reference to something in history or previous literature
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| alliteration | the repetition of initial consonant sounds
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| refrain | when repetition is done according to a fixed pattern
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| slant rhyme | when words have any kind of sound similarity
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| end rhyme | when rhyming words are at the end of the line
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| internal rhyme | when one or more rhyming words are within the line
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| feminine rhyme | when the rhyme sounds involve two or more syllables
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| assonance | the repetition of vowel sounds
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| consonance | the repetition of the final consonant sounds
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| rhyme | the repetition of the accented vowel sound and any succeeding consonant sounds
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| masculine rhyme | when the ryhme sounds involve only one syllable
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