Control of Growth
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Decontamination | treated to REDUCE the number of disease-causing microbes to a level that is safe to handle.
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| Most resistant forms of life | The endospores of Bacillus and Clostridium
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| Moist heat | destroys microorganisms by causing the irreversible coagulation of their proteins - boiling does not kill spores
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| Pressure cookers & autoclaves | heat water in an enclosed vessel that causes the pressure in the vessel to increase beyond atmospheric pressure, which kills endospores
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| Dry heat | destroy microorganisms by oxidizing cells to ashes or irreversibly denatures their proteins.
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| Dry heat v. wet heat | Dry heat takes much longer than wet heat to kill microorganisms
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| Gluteraldehyde and formaldehyde | destroy microorganisms and viruses by inactivating proteins and nucleic acids.
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| Chlorhexidine | a biguanide extensively used in antiseptic products.
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| Gamma Rays for labware | cause biological damage by producing superoxide and hydroxyl free radicals.
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| Irridiation | used to sterilize heat sensitive materials and to decrease the numbers of microorganisms in foods.
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| FDA approved usage for irridation | insects in fruits, vegetables and grains, to destroy the trichina parasite in pork, and to control Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 in meats.
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| Filtration of liguids to control growth | filter with 2.0 micron pore size enough to keep bacteria out
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| Air filtration | HEPA filters are used in specialized hospital rooms to protect patients who are exquisitely susceptible to infection.
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| Osmotic pressure | adding salt to meat or sugar to jam keeps microbes from growing
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| Why would the term "sterilization" not encompass prions? | The "organisms" cannot be destroyed by high heat.
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| Would it be safe to say that if all bacterial endospores had been killed, than all other microorganisms had also been killed? | Yes. Endospores are killed only by temperatures higher than those sufficient to kill other microorganisms. So, if endospores are killed, then other microorganisms must have been killed.
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| The D value refers to | the time for 90% of the organisms to die
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| Steralants | destroys all microorganisms including endospores & viruses. 6 - 10 hour traetments
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| High-level disinfectant | kills viruses & vegitative organisms but does NOT kill endospores
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| intermediate disinfectant | does not kill viruses or spores
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| Low-level (general purpose) disinfectants | destroys fungi, vegetative bacteria
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| Biguanides | used in soaps & lotions and it persists on skin
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| the amount of time that it takes at a certain temperature to kill 90% of the organisms being studied | D-value
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| Ethylene oxide is a germicide that kills by reacting with | protiens
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| What do germicidal agents act on? | membrane, protiens, DNA
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| Commercial canning process | uses retort to kill spores of clostridium botulitis
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| UV is used to sterilize: | air, drinking water, surfaces
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| How does UV light sterilze? | damages DNA
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| What does ionizing radiation not destroy? | endospores
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| What can ionizing radiation destroy? | samonella and other gram negative forms.
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| HEPA filters | remove nearly all microorganisms
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| What do gamma rays do? | cause biological damage by producing superoxide & free radicals
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| What are gamma rays used for? | to sterlize heat-sensitive materials & decrease microorganisms in food
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| Factors effecting the selection of germicidal chemical | toxicity, residue,activity in presence of organic matter, compatibility, cost, storage, disposal
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| causes irreversible coagulation of protiens to destroy organism | moist heat
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| What is the hardest thing to kill w/ chemicals & heat? | endospores
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| What concentration of alcohol is most effective? | 75%
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