Buzzwords used in medical examinations
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Monoclonal spike on serum electrophoresis (M-protein) | Multiple myeloma
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| Smudge cells on peripheral smear | CLL
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| “Palpable olive” | Pyloric Stenosis
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| “String sign” (long narrow pyloric lumen) | Pyloric Stenosis
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| “Bag of worms” in scrotum | Varicocele
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| “Boggy uterus” | Adenomyosis
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| Steeple sx on x-ray | croup
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| Thumb sx on x-ray | epiglottitis
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| “Cherry red spot” (red fovea) on Fundoscopy | CRAO
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| “Blood and Thunder retina” | CR Vein occlusion
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| Rust-colored sputum | Strep. Pneumo PNA
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| Currant Jelly sputum | Klebsiella pneumo. PNA
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| Unilateral ptosis, anhidrosis, miosis | Horner’s Syndrome
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| Parenchymal bullae or subpleural blebs | Emphysema (patho.)
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| ECG - S1Q3 inverted T3 | PE
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| CXR honeycombing | pulmonary fibrosis or bronchiectasis
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| Lung bx - nonencaseating granulomas | Sarcoidosis
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| “Hot potato voice” | peritonsillar abscess
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| CXR visceral pleural line or “deep sulcus sign” on supine | PTX
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| Pharyngeal gray pseudomembrane | Diphtheria
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| Electrical alternans on ECG | cardiac effusion (patho.)
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| Osler nodes (pnful finger, toe, feet lesions), Janeway lesions (pnless palm and sole lesions), Roth spots (exudative retinal lesions/hemhorrages) | Infective Endocarditis
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| Bite cells (loss of Heinz body) on peripheral smear | G6PD deficiency
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| Heinz bodies on peripheral smear | G6PD def. or thalassemia
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| “Beefy red tongue” | pronounced anemia
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| Pica | Fe deficiency
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| Macro-ovalocytes and hypersegmented PMNs | Folate def. anemia (patho.)
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| Pancytopenia with circulating blasts | acute leukemia
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| Auer rods on peripheral smear (needle-like inclusions in eosinophiles) | AML (can also be ALL, but less likely)
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| Blast-crisis | CML
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| Reed-Sternberg Cells on LN bx | Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
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| Rouleau Formation on peripheral smear | Multiple Myeloma
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| Bence Jones Proteins in urine | Muliple Myeloma
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| “Parrot-beaked” esophagus (dilated esophagus taper to the distal obstruction) on barium swallow | Achalasia
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| Cobblestone-pattern filling defects with segmental areas of involvement (skip lesions) on Barium enema or CT | Chron’s Dz.
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| Currant Jelly stools | Intussusception
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| Sausage-like mass on abdominal exam | Intussusception
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| Chvostek’s Sign (twitch facial nerve on tap) | Hypocalcemia
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| Trousseau’s Sign (carpal tunnel spasm with BP cuff for 3 min.) | Hypocalcemia
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| Herberden’s nodes (DIP nodes) | OA
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| Bouchard’s nodes (PIP nodes) | OA
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| Swan neck deformity (flexed DIP, extended PIP, flexed MCP) | RA
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| Boutinniere deformity (extended DIP, flexed PIP) | RA
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| Subcutaneous nodules on extensor surfaces | RA (patho.)
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| Koebner’s phenomenon (maculopapular rash elicited by scratching that appears in the evening) | Juvenile RA
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| “Cup and Saucer” appearance of proximal phalanx on x-ray | Psoriatic arthritis
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| Tinel’s sign (percussion of volar wrist causes tingling) | Carpal Tunnel
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| Phalen’s sign (wrist flexion for 1 min causes pain) | Carpal Tunnel
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| Fx of 5th MC neck | Boxer’s fx
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| Distal radial fx with dorsal angulation | Colle’s fx
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| Distal radial fx with volar angulation | Smith’s fx
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| Sprain of ulnar collateral ligament of thumb | Gamekeeper’s thumb
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| Anterior fat pad sign | hemarthrosis in radial head fx
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| Anatomical snuffbox pain | Scaphoid fx
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| “Bamboo appearance” on x-ray of spine | Ankylosing Spondylitis
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| “Cresent sign” of hip on x-ray | Avascular necrosis of hip
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| Posterior Fat pad sign | Radial Head fx
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| Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles | Alzheimer’s
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| Battle sx | Basilar skull fx
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| WBC casts | pyelo. (or nephritis)
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| Hyaline casts | ARF (or normal in athletes)
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| Renal Tubular Epitheleal cell casts (“muddy brown casts”) | ATN
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| RBC casts | glomerulonephritis
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| Positive Finkelstein (pain with fist ulnar deviation) | DeQuervain’s
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| Pedunculated bone mass capped in cartilage | Osteochondroma
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| Gottron’s sx (scaly, papule rash on dorsal hands) | Dermatomyositis
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| Heliotrope rash (eyelid erythema) | Dermatomyositis (or SLE)
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| Low morning cortisol with elevated ACTH | Addison’s disease
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| More than 125 mg/dL urine cortisol in 24 hours | Cushings
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| Milkman lines or Looser zones (pseudofractures) | Osteomalacia
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| Eruptive and tendious xanthomas | Hyperlipidemia (patho.)
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| Petechial rash with meningeal sxs | Neisseria Meningitidis
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| KOH hyphae and spores (“spaghetti and meatballs”) | Tinea versicolor
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| S-shaped burrows on skin | Scabies
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| “Snowstorm” on TVU with elevated BHcg | Hydatidiform mole
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| “Rope-like” on CBE | Fibrocystic breasts
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| Herald patch then “Christamas tree” appearing rash | Pityrasis Rosea
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| Oncholysis with oil spots | Psoriasis (patho.)
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| Hot tub folliculitis | Pseudomonas aureginosa
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| Terry’s nails (white nail bed) | Liver disease/cirrhosis
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| Azure (blue) lunulae on nails | Wilson’s disease
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| Absent or decreased femoral pulses with a murmur | Coarctation of the aorta (patho.)
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| Kayser-Fleischer rings (brown rings btw iris and cornea) | Wilson’s Disease
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| Boot-shaped heart | RVH from Tet. Of Fallot
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| “Egg on a string” (narrow mediastinum) | Transposition of Great Vessels
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| Lower BP in arms vs legs | Coarct. Aorta
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| Barking cough like a seal | Croup
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| “Figure 3 sign” on CXR | Coarct. Aorta
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| “Machine-like” murmur | Patent Ductus Arteriosis
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| Absence of “Scottie-Dog” sign on spinal film | Spondyloysis
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| Inability to pass NGT in an infant | Choanal Atresia
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| Palpable, non-tender gallbladder (Courvoisier’s sign) | Pancreatic CA
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| Charcot’s triad (fever, chills, RUQ pain, jaundice) | Ascending Cholangitis
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| “Bird beak” deformity on x-ray | Achalasia or Sigmoid Volvulus
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| Apple-core lesion on Barium Enema | Colon CA
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| Lead pipe deformity (loss of normal haustral markings) on Barium Enema | UC
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| Clue cells on wet-prep and positive Whiff test (amine odor) | BV (Gardnerella vaginalis)
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| “Strawberry” Cervix | Trichomonas
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| Hyphae and buds on KOH Prep | Vaginal Candidiasis
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| “String sign”/ Sign of Kantor (Stricture or Stenosis) on Barium Enema | Chron’s disease
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| Chandelier Sign on pelvic/speculum exam (cervical motion tenderness) | PID
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| Koplik spots-grains of sand on an erythematous base (Blue-White buccal lesions) | Measles/Rubeola (patho.)
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| “Sandpaper” rash (like sunburn with goosebumps) | Scarlet Fever
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| “Strawberry tongue” | Scarlet Fever
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| “Honey” golden crusts on face | Impetigo (Streptococcus Pyoderma)
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| Gram-positive, encapsulated, box-shaped rods in chains | Cutaneous Anthrax
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| “Rice-water” diarrhea (gray, turbid, and without odor, blood, or pus) | Cholera
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| “Pea-soup” Diarrhea | Enteric/Typhoid fever
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| Hyperplastic prickle cells with excess keratin | HPV skin warts
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| Koilocytotic squamous cells or vacuolated Squamous epithelial cells in clumps on Pap | HPV cervical warts
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| Multinucleated giant cells on Tzanck Smear | Herpes Simplex Virus
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| Intracytoplasmic inclusions (“owl’s eyes”) on tissue biopsy | CMV
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| “Pizza pie” (neovascularization with profliferation) on Fund | CMV
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| “Satellite lesions” on buttocks | Diaper dermatitis with candida
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| “Bull’s eye” skin lesion | Erythema Migrans from Lyme Dz.
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| “String of Pearls” on ovarian US | PCOS
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| “Sack of grapes” or “grape-like vesicles” on TVU | Complete Hydatidiform Mole
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| 5 Ps (purple, planar, polygonal, pruritic papule) | Lichen Planus
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| Lesions that have white lines (Wickham’s striae) | Lichen Planus
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| “Slapped cheek” syndrome | Parvovirus B19/ Fifth’s Dz/ Erythema Infecticosum
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| Cobblestoning on colonoscopy | Crohn’s Disease
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| Dance sign (no BS in RLQ) | Intussesception
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| Rovsing sx (LLQ palpation produces RLQ pain) | Appendicitis
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| Aaron sx (McBurney’s point palpation causes stomach or chest pain) | Appendicitis
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| Gram (-) intracellular diplococci | Neisseria gonorrheae
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| Chadwick sign (blue cervix) | Pregnancy
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| Hairlike cytoplasmic projections on lymphocytes | Hairy Cell Leukemia
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| “Tea and Toast diet” | Folate Deficiency
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| Perihilar infiltrates (“butterfly pattern”) | PCP PNA
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| “Floppy baby syndrome” | Botulism
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| Rose spots after initial infection symptoms | Typhoid fever (and other Salmonella infections)
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| (+) Widal agglutination test | Typhoid fever
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| “Whirlpool” of intraluminal worms on KUB | Ascariasis (Ascaris Lumbricoides)
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| Pear-shaped trophozoites with 2 nuclei and 4 flagella | Giardia
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| Multiple ring-enhancing lesions on brain CT or MRI in HIV pt | Toxoplasmosis
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| (+) Heterophil antibodies (monospot) | Mononucleosis
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| Negri bodies on brain tissue | Rabies
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| Vesicular rash at different stages | Varicella
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| Nikolsky’s Sign (manual pressure separates epidermis from the dermis) | Pemphigus Vulgaris (or toxic epidermal necrolysis)
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| Coral red fluorescence with Wood’s lamp | Erythrasma
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| Bile stained eggs and proglottids in stool exam | Fish tapeworm
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| Flagellated, curved, oxidase (+) gram (-) rods in stool | Campylobacter jejuni
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| “Coin-shaped” or “Discoid” plaques with vesicles and papules | Nummular eczema
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| Encapsulated organisms on India Ink | Cryptococcus neoformans
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| “Fungus ball” on CXR | Aspergillus fumigatus PNA
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| Umilicated papules | Molluscum Contagiosum
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| Fruity breath | DKA
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| “Pill-rolling” tremor | Parkinsons
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| “Moon facies and buffalo hump” | Cushings
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| Spontaneous Hemarthroses | Hemophilia
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| Triple Layered sputum | Brochiectasis
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| Cafe aulait spots and rubbery skin nodules | Neurofibromatosis
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| “Stuck on” waxy lesion | Seb. K
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| (+) Scotch tape test | Pinworms
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| Anatomical Snuffbox tenderness | Scaphoid fx
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| Spontaneous Hemarthroses | Hemophilia
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| Distended neck veins, decreased BP, muffled heart sounds- Beck's Triad | Cardiac tamponade
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| Double bubble sign on abd xray | Duodenal atresia in an infant
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| Auspitz sign (pin point bleed on peeling of scab) | Psoriasis
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| “Onion skin" appearance on x-ray | Ewings sarcoma
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| Rodent ulcer | Basal cell ca
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| Prominent epicanthal folds, sandal toe, and simian creases | Downs Syndrome
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| Heavy, painless vaginal bleeding in the 2nd or 3rd trimester | Placentia previa
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| Heavy, painful vaginal bleeding in the 2nd or 3rd trimester | Placenta abruption
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| Presence of a paratesticular nodule at the superior aspect of the testicle, with its characteristic blue-dot appearance (Blue-dot sign) | testicular appendix torsion (patho.)
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| Delta waves on EKG | Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
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| Kerley B lines on CXR | CHF (or pulm. Fibrosis or carcinomatosis)
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| “Ring of fire” on US | Ectopic Pregnancy
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| Dinner fork deformity | Colle’s fx
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| Tearing chest pain radiating to the back in a very tall male with long, slender hands/fingers | Marfan Syndrome – aortic dissection
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| “Dew drops on a rose petal” | Chicken pox
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| Drusen spots (hard yellow-white deposits in the macula under pigment epithelium) | Macular Degeneration (nonexudative)
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| Brushfield spots (on the iris) | Down’s Syndrome
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| Funduscopic - Arteriolar constriction, flame hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, hard exudates | HTN Retinopathy
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| Funduscopic - Cotton wool spots, hemorrhages, microaneurysms, hard exudates, venous dilatation | Nonproliferative DM Retinopathy (early)
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| Funduscopic - Cotton wool spots, hemorrhages, microaneurysms, hard exudates, neovascularization | Proliferatvie DM Retinopathy (late)
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| Negative Birefringent needle-shaped crystals (parallel and yellow) | Gout
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| Positive Birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals (Perpendicular and blue) | Pseudogout
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| “Sunburst” on bone x-ray | Osteosarcoma
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| Bubbly lytic lesion on x-ray (“ground-glass”) | Fibrous Dysplasia
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| “Corkscrew” esophagus on barium swallow | Esophageal spasm
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| Cullen and Grey-Turner sxs | Necrotizing Pancreatitis (also in ectopic)
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| Sausage digits | Reiter’s
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| “Shaggy” mucosa on barium swallow | Candida
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| Multiple, small, volcanic-shaped ulcers on barium swallow | Herpes
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| Large, deep linear ulcers on barium swallow | CMV
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| Hazy/steamy cornea with a fixed, dilated pupil | Angle-closure glaucoma
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| Bell-clapper deformity | Abnormal attachment of testis in the scrotum (risk factor for torsion)
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| Prehn sign (pain relieved with elevation of scrotum) | Epididymitis
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| “Racoon eyes” | Orbital fx
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| CSF oligoclonal bands | MS
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| Lhermitte sign (electrical feeling down the back with neck flexion) | MS
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| Hemorrhagic necrosis of temporal lobes on CT | Herpetic encephalitis
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| Intravenous inclusions/Pick bodies | Pick dz.
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| Pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia) | Niacin def.
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| Diffuse vacuolar changes of gray matter with reactive astrocytosis on cortical bx | Creutzfeldt-Jakob Dz.
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| “Eggshell” pattern from calcified LNs on CXR | Silicosis
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| Low plasma rennin with increased 24 hour urine aldosterone | Hyperaldosteronism
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| Dimple sx on ant. Medial surface of the knee | Posterolateral knee dislocation
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| Yellow CSF from hemolysis (xanthochromia) | Subarachnoid bleed
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| Hanging teardrop sign (herniation of orbital fat into max. sinus) | Orbital fx
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| Open bomb-bay door sign (bone fragments in the sinus) | Orbital fx
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| Silver, copper-wiring and AV nicking on Fund. | HTN retinopathy
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| Westmark sign (regional area of decreased pulm. Vascularity on CXR | PE
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| Peripheral wedge-shaped consolidation/shadow on pleural surface (Hamptom hump) | PE
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| Shoulder sx (bulge of pyloric m. into the antrum) | Pyloric Stenosis
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| Kayser-Fleisher rings (green-yellow ring around cornea) | Wilsons dz
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| Synovial proliferation with pannus formation | RA
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| Codman’s sign (peri-osteal elevation that forms an angle with the bone cortex) | Osteosarcoma
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| Bilious vomiting and abdominal distention in a newborn | Duodenal atresia
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| A single or hypoechoic ring with a hyperechoic center (target/donut sign) on US | Intussusception
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| “Thumbprinting” of bowel | Ischemia
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| “Sentinel Loop” or “Colon cut-off sx” of gas pattern on KUB | Pancreatitis
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| Curschmann spirals (mucus casts in small airways) | Asthma
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| Signet Ring (thick bronchial walls) on CXR | Bronchiectasis
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| Schaumann’s bodies and asteroid bodies | Sarcoidosis
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| Virchow’s node (L supraclavicular LAD) | Mets from GI tumor
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| Anti-glomerular Basement membrane Abs with hematuria and hemoptysis | Good-Pasteur’s Syndrome (patho.)
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| Honey-combing with calcified parietal pleural plaques | Asbestosis
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| Kerley B lines | CHF
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| Pericardial Friction rub | Pericarditis
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| “Water bottle” appearance of cardiac silhouette | Pericardial effusion
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| Erythema Marginatum (“bathing suit distribution”) | Rheumatic fever
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| Murmur with wide pulse pressure | Aortic Insuff.
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| Osborn wave aka. J wave (upward deflection of S wave) | Hypothermia (patho.)
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| “Diamond-shaped murmur” (crescendo-decrescendo) on precordial chest | Aortic Stenosis
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| Mid-systolic click | Mitral Valve Prolapse
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| Opening snap murmur | Mitral stenosis
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