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The Endocrine System: Structures and Functions

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Hormone
Secreted by
Target
Results
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)   Posterior Pituitary   Kidney   Promotes water retention by kidney tubules  
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Oxytocin   Posterior Pituitary   Uterus, mammory glands   stimulates uterine contractions, stimulate ejection of milk into mammory ducts  
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Growth Hormone   Anterior Pituitary   General   promotes growth  
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Prolactin   Anterior Pituitary   Mammary Glands   promotes milk secretion  
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Thyroid-stimulating hormone   Anterior Pituitary   Thyroid gland   stimulates development and secretion of thyroid gland  
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone   Anterior Pituitary   adrenal cortex   promotes development and secretion in the adrenal cortex  
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Follicle-stimulating hormone   Anterior Pituitary   gonads   female: promotes development of voarian follicle simulates estrogen secretion Male: promotes development of testes stimulates sperm production  
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Luteinizing   Anterior Pituitary   gonads   female: triggers ovulation, development of corpus luteum Male: stimulates production of testosterone  
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Melatonin   Pineal Gland   (blank)   induce sleep  
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Triiodothyronine (T3)   Thyroid gland   general   increase metabolism  
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Tetraiodothyronine (T4)   Thyroid gland   general   increase metabolism  
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Calcitonin   thyroid gland   bone tissue   increase calcium storage in bones, lowering Ca++ levels  
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Parathyroid hormone   Parathyroid glands   bone tissue and kidney   increases calcium removal from storage in bone and produces active form of vitamin D in the kidneys, increasing calcium absorption by intestines and increasing blood Ca++ levels  
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aldosterone   adrenal cortex   kidney   stimulates kidney tubules to conserve sodium triggering release of ADH and water conservation in kidneys  
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cortisol   adrenal cortex   general   influences metabolism of food, in large ammounts antiinflammatory effect  
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adrenal androgens   adrenal cortex   sex organs   (blank)  
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adrenal estrogens   adrenal cortex   sex organs   (blank)  
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epinephrine   adrenal medulla   sympathetic effectors   enhances and prolongs the effects of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system  
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norepinephrine   adrenal medulla   sympathetic effectors   enhances and prolongs the effects of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system  
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glucagon   pancreatic islets (alpha or A cells)   general   promotes movement of glucose from storage into the blood  
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Insulin   Pancreatic islets (beta or B cells)   general   promotes movement of glucose out of blood and into cells  
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Somatostatin   Pancreatic islets (delta or D cells)   pancreatic cells and other effectors   general effects but main is to regulate secretion of other pancreatic hormones  
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Pancreatic polypeptide   Pancreatic islets (pancreatic polypeptide or F cells)   Intestinal cells and other effectors   seems to influence absorption in the digestive tract  
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Secretin   Small Intestine Lining   (blank)   Stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice by ancreas.  
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Gastrin   Stomach Lining   (blank)   Stimulates secretion of gastric juice by stomach.  
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Progesterone   Ovaries   (blank)   Maintains uterine lining during pregnancy.  
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Testosterone   Testes   (blank)   Controls male secondary sex characteristics.  
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Estrogen   Ovaries   (blank)   Controls female secondary sex characteristics and stimulates thickening of uterine wall in preparation for pregnancy.  
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Adrenaline   Adrenal Medulla   (blank)   Stimulates breakdown of glycogen to glucose and the release of glucose into blood, thereby increasing heartbeat rate and respiration rate.  
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