order of draw, common tests
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| name the order of draw for multiple evac tube collection | blood culture, coagulation (blue), serum (red, gold SST), heparin (green), EDTA (lavender), glycolytic inhibitor (grey)
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| when are sterile blood samples taken | always, first regardless of the method
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| name the order of draw for multiple syringe collection | blood culture, coagulation (blue) EDTA (lavendar), Gel separator (SST, PST) or non additive (red)
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| what colour tube does Hematology mainly use? | EDTA - lavendar
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| what colour tube does chemistry mainly use? | light green - PST (gold SST is acceptable)
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| what colour tube does coagulation studies mainly use? | Light Blue - sodium citrate
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| Gold tube has | gel separator and clot activator. referred to as SST.
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| Light Blue tube has | sodium citrate anticoagulant
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| Red tube has | clot activator and NO anticoagulant
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| Dark Green tube has | sodium heparin anticoagulant
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| Light Green tube has | lithium heparin anticoagulant and Gel separator, referred to as PST.
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| tubes containing anticoagulants: | dark green, light green, light blue, black, royal blue, lavender
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| tubes containing gel separator: | gold-SST, light green-PST
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| tubes containing clot activator & no anticoagulant: | red (plastic)
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| colour of tube to be used for CBC | lavender
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| colour of tube to be used for lead | royal blue (w lavender band)
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| colour of tube for PT, PTT | light blue
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| colour of tube to be used for K, CREA, GLUF, GLUR, ALP, ALT, CA, CK, LIP, TP, UREA | light green (mint) -PST
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| colour of tube to be used for Acute Hepatitis screen | gold - SST
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| colour of tube to be used for SPE (serum protein electrophonesis) | gold - SST
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| colour of tube to be used for RUBG, TTG, RF, LDL, HDL | light green (mint) - PST
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| colour of tube that must be filled correctly/ in proper ratio of 9:1 | light blue
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| most common hematology tests and colour of tube used: | CBC - includes: RBC, WBC< platelet count, Hgb, Hct & diff leukocyte count. Lavender tube with EDTA
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| RBC test? | determines the number of circulating red blood cells
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| WBC test? | determines the number of leukocytes
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| platelet count? | determines the number of platelets in the peripheral blood. Used to diagnose bleeding disorders and monitor anticoagulant therapy.
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| Hgb (hemoglobin) test? | a low value can indicate anemia, high value may occur with sever burns. It is the O2 carrying protein found in rbc's
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| Hct (hematocrit) test? | the ratio of rbc's to whole blood volume. Low value may indicate anemia or hemorrhage, elevated value may indicate dehydration or polycythemia. Also called packed cell volume.
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| Differential leukocyte count? | count of each wbc, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte and monocyte.
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| ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate)? | measure the rate at which erythrocytes fall to the bottom of a tube under controlled lab conditions. Use the Westergren method.
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| hemostatsis? | the process by which bleeding is stopped
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| hematopoesis? | process by which erythrocytes are formed and developed in bone marrow
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| plasma? | a straw coloured liquid includes : fibrinogen, proteins, Na, K, Cl etc. electrolytes, globulin.
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| serum? | same components as plasma except fibrinogen is removed by allowing clotting to happen then centrifuged to separate cells from serum.
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| erythrocyte? | largest cell, red in colour
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| leukocyte? | second largest cell. there are two types - granulocytes & agranulocytes.
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| granulocytes? | they have granules, 3 types: neutrophils, basophils & eosinophils.
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| which two granulocytes play a role in allergic reactions? | basophil and eosinophil
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| agranulocytes? | hav no granules, 2 types: lymphocytes and monocytes
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| Phagocytic cells that engulf bacteria and dead tissue cells? | neutrophils & monocytes
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| the cell that produces antibodies against substances the body recognizes as foreign? | lymphocytes
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| thrombocyte? | also known as a platelet, not a true cell but a cell fragment. Plays a major role in the clotting process by forming the platelet plug that seals breaks in blood vessels.
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| Four main tests in the Coagulation section of Hematology department? | platelet count, bleeding time test, PT (prothrombin time test or protime) & APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time)
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| what is a timed specimen? | some tests need to be done at a specific time or after a set of criteria is met. Ex. STAT, pre-op, fasting.
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| criteria for fasting specimens? | patient eats or drinks nothing for a period of time (8-12 hours). Draw. Common tests: cholesterol, triglycerides & glucose determinations.
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| Two hour postprandial glucose test (GLUC2H) | Blood drawn 2 hours after eating. Light green tube. Screening test for diabetes.
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| Glucose tolerance test? | Blood drawn on fasting patient, after drinking a standard amount of glucose. Samples taken at periodic intervals. Urine is also collected. Test for: diabetes mellitus & hypoglycemia.
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| Glucagon tolerance test? | tests liver for stored glycogen. Fasting 12 hours, injected with glucagon, another spec is drawn.
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| Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)? | measures the amount of a particular drug in a patient's bloodstream. Good for optimal dosing amounts. Performed on serum drawn in a plain red tube, kept upright, time and method of draw must be included.
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